@slide(layout=chapter-slide)

@title
Basic structure of a L<sup style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 73%; margin-left: -.25em; margin-right: -.05em; position: relative; top: .2em">A</sup>T<sub style="font-size: 100%; margin-left: -.1em">E</sub>X document


@slide(layout=content-and-preview)

@title
Preamble & document environment

@content
<p style="text-indent: -1.3em"><span class="emoji">👁</span> Every LaTeX document is composed of</p>

* a **preamble:** global settings (document class, encoding, language, page format, additional packages, …) and
* a **document environment:** content of the document.

``` {.lang-tex .hljs .fragment}
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{babel}

\begin{document}
Hello world!
\end{document}
```

@preview
![](svg/chapter-03/hello-crop.svg)


@slide(layout=wide-content)

@title
Document class

@content
``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
\documentclass[<parameter>]{<document_class>}
```

For example:

``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
\documentclass[10pt,a5paper,landscape]{scrartcl}
```

<ul class="fragment">
<li>**`scrartcl`, `article`** for short documents</li>
<li>**`scrreport`, `report`** for longer documents</li>
<li>**`scrbook`, `book`** for books</li>
<li>**`beamer`** for presentations</li>
</ul>


@slide(layout=content-only)

@title
Packages

@content
``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
\usepackage[<options>]{<package_name>}
```

* Packages provide additional commands and functionalities.
* There are different packages for different use cases (e.&thinsp;g., mathematical formulas, lists, ...).
* Before they can be used, they have to be included **within the preamble.**


@slide(layout=content-only)

@title
Encoding

@content
``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[t1]{fontenc}
```

* ++ The character encoding determines which characters are available.
* ++ **ASCII** contains no special characters like German umlauts.
* ++ **UTF-8** is a universal encoding.


@slide(layout=content-only)

@title
Language

@content
``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}
```

* The package **`babel`** provides language-specific information (e.&thinsp;g., hyphenation, special characters, font changes, translated labels like ‘chapter,’ ‘table of contents’ or ‘figure’).
* **`ngerman`** is the German new spelling.


@slide(layout=wide-content)

@title
Languages

@content
A document can use multiple languages at once:

``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
\usepackage[ngerman, swedish, russian, greek, english]{babel}
```

<div class="fragment">
To switch languages:

``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
\selectlanguage{<language a>}
\selectlanguage{<language b>}
```

Embedded Text in another language:

``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
\selectlanguage{<language a>}
\foreignlanguage{<language b>}{Text of language B in a Text of language A}
```
</div>


@slide(layout=content-and-preview)

@title
Languages&hairsp;—&hairsp;an example

@content
``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
\today
\selectlanguage{ngerman}
\today
\selectlanguage{swedish}
\today
\selectlanguage{russian}
\today
\selectlanguage{greek}
\today
\selectlanguage{english}
\today
```

@preview
![](svg/chapter-03/languages-crop.svg)


@slide(layout=content-and-preview)

@title
Continuous Text

@content
``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
Continous text can be written directly ↲
in the source code. ↲
Simple line breaks ↲
are ignored, ↲
just as     multiple space characters. ↲
↲
An empty line creates a new paragraph ↲
which has an indentation by default. ↲
Manual line breaks can be forced ↲
using two backslashes, but this use ↲
is strongly discouraged \\ ↲
within continuous text.
```

@preview
![](svg/chapter-03/paragraphs-crop.svg)


@slide(layout=content-and-preview-with-category)

@category
Caution!

@title
Reserved characters

@content
Some characters do things in LaTeX:

`# $ % ^ & _ { } ~ \`

``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
50% is one half.
```

Solution: prefix with ‘`\`’:

``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
50\% is one half.
```

Does not work for ‘`\\`’, we will see a solution for this later.

@preview
![](svg/chapter-03/reserved-characters-crop.svg)


@slide(layout=content-and-preview)

@title
Sections and chapters

@content
Texts are structured by beeing subdivided in sections and chapters. Always available:

``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
\section{Level 1}
\subsection{Level 2}
\subsubsection{Level 3}
\paragraph{Level 4}
\subparagraph{Level 5}
```

Additionally, for some document classes:

``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
\chapter{Chapter}
\part{Part}
```

@preview
![](svg/chapter-03/sections-crop.svg)


@slide(layout=content-and-preview)

@title
Sections and chapters

@content
With an asterisk, there is no numbering and no entry in the table of contents:

``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
\section*{No entry in table of contents}
```

You can also provide an alternative title for the table of contents:

``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
\section[Entry in table of contents]
{Actual chapter heading}
```

@preview
![](svg/chapter-03/sections-differently-crop.svg)


@slide(layout=wide-content)

@title
Front matter

@content
``` {.lang-tex .hljs data-source=title.tex}
\title{The World of Truffles}
\author{Fooboar Rüssel \\ Fachschaft WIAI\thanks{WIe AIn Profi},
        Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg}
\date{\today}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
\end{document}
```

* The values for the entries are stored in the preamble.
* `\maketitle` typesets the front matter within the document environment.
* The exact appearance depends on the document class.
* Multiple authors can be joined with `\and`.
* If no date is given, the current date will be used. A different date can be defined with `\date{}`.


@slide(layout=content-and-preview)

@title
Front matter

@content
``` {.lang-tex .hljs data-source=title.tex}
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{babel}
\title{The World of Truffles}
\author{Fooboar Rüssel \\ Fachschaft
WIAI\thanks{WIe AIn Profi},
Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg}
\date{\today}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
\section{Truffle hunt}
\subsection{Hunt with a pig}
\subsection{Hunt without a pig}
Why would you do that?
\section{Truffle recipes}
My favorite recipe
\end{document}
```

@preview
![](svg/chapter-03/title-orig.svg)


@slide(layout=content-only)

@title
Table of contents

@content
``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
\tableofcontents
```

* automatic numbering
* very configurable (enumeration characters and depth, automatic naming, …)
* chapters and (sub-)sections with an asterisk (`*`) are hidden from the table of contents: e.&thinsp;g. `\section\*{}`.
* generally requires two rounds of compilation


@slide(layout=content-and-preview)

@title
Table of contents

@content
``` {.lang-tex .hljs data-source=title.tex}
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{babel}
\begin{document}
\tableofcontents
\section{Truffle hunt}
The first section.
\subsection{Hunt with a pig}
A subsection.
\subsection{Hunt without a pig}
Another subsection.
\subsubsection[But why?]
              {Why would you do that?}
Sub-subsection.
\section{Truffle recipes}
My favorite recipe
\end{document}
```

@preview
![](svg/chapter-03/contents-crop.svg)


@slide(layout=content-only)

@title
Other indices

@content
List of figures and list of tables

``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
\listoffigures
\listoftables
```

* inserts the corresponding index wherever it is called
* lists the caption of each figure or table by default, but you can also state a special list entry


@slide(layout=wide-task)

@task-number
3

@title
Structure your document and text

@content
* Open the file `documemt-structure.tex`. It is located in the directory `exercises/basic-document-structure`.
* Copy the file content and insert it into a new file. You can, for example, name it `document-structure-solution.tex`. 
* ++ Wrap the entire text in `document-structure-solution.tex` in a **document** environment and insert the following **preamble**. Compile the document.

``` {.lang-tex .hljs .fragment}
\documentclass{scrartcl}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\usepackage{csquotes}
```

* ++ As you may already have noticed, **paragraphs** are marked as ‘`\\`’. Use real paragraphs instead.
* ++ Time to structure our document! Use LaTex commands to declare all **headings** (`\section`, `\subsubsection`, etc.).
* ++ Add a **table of contents.** to your document.