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\klausur{Internationales IT-Projektmanagement}{Prof. Dr. Thorsten Staake}{SoSe 2016}{90}{Wörterbuch und Taschenrechner}

\section{General questions}
a) Software projects and projects in the construction business are different in many ways.\\
b) How do these differences influence the project management approach? 

\section{Software Development}
a) The Waterfall-Model and Serum are widely used approaches to structure the Software development process. Name two major strengths and two weaknesses for each of the two approaches. \\
b) Serum is gaining popularity as a method to support agile Software projects. \\
\begin{itemize}
\item i.	What is a sprint?
\item ii.	What is a sprint backlog?
\item iii.  Why are most tasks ``timeboxed''?
\item iv.	How and when are necessary changes introduced?
\end{itemize}
c) What are the key responsibilities of the project owner, the scrum master, and the development team? \\
d) In traditional projects, the project manager takes care of allocating the tasks to team members. Who takes on this responsibility in a Scrum project? 
\section{Requirements Gathering and Milestones}
a) Name three advantages and three disadvantages for each of the foliowing approaches to requirements gathering. \\
\begin{itemize}
\item i.	Requirements Reuse
\item ii.	Use Case Development
\end{itemize}
b) For each of the approaches named above, name an example application that suits the approach. \\
c) Imagine you are a project manager of an external firm that is currently
responsible for introducing a new production scheduling System in a manufacturing Company (your customer). Further assume that your customer is asking you to include a new requirement after the requirements phase has already been finished and your team has already started with the implementation work. How would you typically respond as an experienced project manager? Provide the reasoning for your response and state your possible assumptions. \\
d) Milestones are easy to use yet powerful tools to support the management of small and large, projects. Please name five characteristics "good" milestones should have. 
\section{Stakeholder Analysis}
Assume that you have to plan to introduce a smart meter System in the context of a pilot project in Upper Franconia (Oberfranken) with 300 households. In the future, all German households should be equipped with smart meters. Such devices record electrical energy consumption in short intervals (close to real-time) and directly communicate the data to the Utility Company and to the household's energy management System or in-home displays. Smart meters also enable two-way communication from the Utility to the household. The major project goals are to achieve an improved load management, an improved monitoring of the electric-power dlstribution network, and better knowledge on consumer behavior with respect of electricity use.

a.	Please name the point of actions that structure your stakeholder analysis.\\
b.	Please identify 8 important stakeholders. \\
c.	Briefly describe a technique to divide the stakeholders in meaningful groups to facilitate the stakeholder management. 

\section{Estimation of Required Resources}
a) Explain the difference between ``Duration'' and ``Effort''? \\
b) The expected value and the Standard deviation of effort or time can be determined approximately with the help of the ``Three-Point-Method''. In most of the cases, a Beta distribution is used as an approximation of the underlying ``random process''. Calculate the expected time and Standard deviation for the optimistic estimation: 20 man days; pessimistic estimation: 38 man days; most likely estimation: 29 man days. \\
c) Very often, the precision of estimations increases with the progress of the project. Name two major reasons for that. \\
d) Explain briefly why a Standard Delphi technique is typically applied in several, separated rounds or (in other words) why experts are not invited to discuss their estimates altogether right away. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Delphi technique? 
\section{Scheduling}
\begin{enumerate}
	\item [(a)] For the following conditions, prepare the task scheduling in accordance to activitv 'lOja node OR activitv on arrow modeling. Calculate the Start and end dates (early -and late) and the four floats (total float, free float, interfering Float, and independent Float) of the tasks D, F, and G. Choose an understandable notation and potentially provide a legend. \\
	\begin{enumerate}
		\item [i.] A, B, C, and D have to be executed sequentially (first A, then B, then C, then D); they can only Start when the preceding tasks have been completed.
		\item [ii.]E, F, and G have to be executed sequentially (first E, then F, then G); they can only Start when the preceding tasks have been completed.
		\item [iii.]E can only Start when A is finished and G can only Start when C is finished, too.
		\item [iv.] H can only Start when D and G are finished.
		\item [v.] Sarah estimates 6 man-days as effort for finalizing each task: A, B, C, and D. Anna estimates 5 man-days as effort to finalize each task: E, F, and G. Both count with 2 man-days to finalize task H.
	\end{enumerate}
\end{enumerate}

\section{Critical Chain Project Management}
\begin{enumerate}
	\item[(a)] According to critical chain management, one common approach in project management is to remove/severely reduce single task time buffers and to put them at the end of the project. Please explain why the reduction of the estimated time effort is reasonable/justified. Also name the underlying psychological reasons for your explanations. \\
	\item[(b)] For the following activity on node diagram, apply the critical chain method:\\
	\image{0.9}{SS16_IITP_Aufgabe7.png}{Node Diagram}{img:critical-chain-node-diagram}
	\begin{enumerate}
		\item[i.] Only Sarah can finalize P,Q and R. Sarah is available 100\%.
		\item[ii.] Only Anna can finalize V, W, and T. Anna is available 100\%.
		\item[iii.] Anna and Sarah never worked with the critical chain method. Their estimations therefore include \grqq usual\grqq{}  buffers.
	\end{enumerate}
	\item[(c)] Prepare an easy to understand diagram that shows the consumed buffer and the level of severity of a possible delay of a project. Additionally, explain in what way you incorporate the remaining project duration.\\
	\item[(d)] description What response by the team members can be expected when critical chain method is introduced to replace traditional scheduling approaches? What coping strategies should be applied? 
\end{enumerate}
\section{Team Forming, Motivation, and Mitigation of Conflicts}
a)	Explain why recognition and rewards may also negatively affect the team motivation. What should a project manager consider? \\
b)	Explain what is commonly understood by the term ``hygiene factors'' on the example of a fixed income.\\
c)	Arrange six conflict management strategies in a matrix with the two dimensions: ``Relationship Importance'' and ``Task importance'' (scale: low - medium - high).\\
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