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improvements on translatin of basic document structure

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Fradtschuk 2021-06-24 18:48:00 +02:00
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content/basic-document-structure.tex
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@ -3,12 +3,12 @@
How does a \LaTeX{} document look like?
In essence, every \LaTeX{} document is composed of two parts: the first part is
the preamble which is followed by the second part, the document environment.
the preamble and is followed by the second part, the document environment.
We call the first commands within our \LaTeX{} document a \emph{preamble}. It
contains global information about our document, such as the document class that
we want to use, the encoding, the language, the page format, and additional
packages that we use.
we want to use, the encoding, the language, the page format, and additional
packages.
The \emph{document environment}, on the other hand, contains the actual content
of our document, that is, the things that we will later see in our generated
\acro{PDF} file.
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ We can define a document class by using the command
\mintinline{latex}|\documentclass[<parameter>]{<document class>}|. The most
commonly used document classes that are supported by default are
\mintinline{latex}{article} for short documents, and \mintinline{latex}{report}
for longer ones. Futhermore you can use \mintinline{latex}{book} for books,
for longer ones. Furthermore, you can use \mintinline{latex}{book} for books,
\mintinline{latex}{beamer}\footnote{We do not cover making presentations in
\LaTeX{} in this tutorial. However, if you are interested in the topic, we
recommend this introduction on Overleaf:
@ -36,27 +36,27 @@ for longer ones. Futhermore you can use \mintinline{latex}{book} for books,
\url{https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Letters}} for letters.
In addition to the standard document classes, the \acro{KOMA} script classes
developed over time. It offers alternatives to the document classes mentioned
above: In lieu of \mintinline{latex}{article} you can use
developed over time. They provide alternatives to the document classes
mentioned above: In lieu of \mintinline{latex}{article} you can use
\mintinline{latex}{scrartcl}, \mintinline{latex}{report} is replaced by
\mintinline{latex}{scrreport}, and \mintinline{latex}{scrbook} can be used
instead of \mintinline{latex}{book}. As a replacement for
\mintinline{latex}{letter} one can use \mintinline{latex}{scrlttr2}.
A complete list of all \acro{KOMA} script classes is available
online\footnote{Erreichbar unter
online\footnote{Available at:
\url{https://komascript.de/komascriptbestandteile}}. By using \acro{KOMA}
document classes, the layout of the generated \acro{PDF} document is changed.
On top of that, they provide additional functionality.
On top of that, they provide additional functionalities.
The standard document classes are designed according to the American-English
standards whereas \acro{KOMA} classes adhere to European norms, such as for
standards whereas \acro{KOMA} classes adhere to European norms, e.\,g., for
writing letters.
Each \mintinline{latex}{\documentclass} command can hold optional parameters in
square brackets.
\mintinline{latex}{\documentclass[10pt,a5paper,landscape]{scrartcl}}, for
instance, configures a \acro{KOMA} script article ans specifies its font size
to 10\,pt\footnote{The standard font size is 12,pt.}, sets the page size to
A5\footnote{The default case would be A4} and the orientation of the page to
instance, configures a \acro{KOMA} script article and sets its font size
to 10\,pt\footnote{The standard font size is 12,pt.}, the page size to
A5\footnote{The default case would be A4}, and the orientation of the page to
landscape. The language can be passed as an optional parameter, too (cf.
\cref{sec:language}).
@ -81,24 +81,25 @@ Archive Network,\footnote{Available at: \url{https://www.ctan.org/}}, short:
\end{minted}
One use case for packages is specifying the encoding of our \LaTeX{} document.
The character encoding\footnote{Vgl.
The character encoding\footnote{cf.
\url{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding}} determines the
available character set.
The standard encoding in \LaTeX{} is \acro{ASCII}. \footnote{cf.
The standard encoding in \LaTeX{} is \acro{ASCII}.\footnote{cf.
\url{https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Standard_Code_for_Information_Interchange}}
It is an American character encoding and therefore does, for instance, not
contain German umlauts, or other special characters, which makes it unsuitable
for most use cases.
As a consequence, \acro{UTF-8}footnote{cf.
\url{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8}} can be used as a universal
As a consequence, \acro{UTF-8}\footnote{cf.
\url{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8}} can be used as universal
character
encoding.
In \LaTeX{} we need to specify two character encodings:
The input encoding (short: \mintinline{latex}{inputenc})) which refers to our
source code. The font encoding (short: \mintinline{latex}{fontenc}) concerncs
the choice of the file that is used to portray the content of our document
since we also need special characters there.\footnote{Details on how
The input encoding (short: \mintinline{latex}{inputenc}), which refers to our
source code, and the font encoding (short: \mintinline{latex}{fontenc}), which
concerns the choice of the file that is used to portray the content within our
\acro{PDF} document, since we also need special characters
there.\footnote{Details on how
\mintinline{latex}{fontenc} works can be found at:
\url{https://www.texwelt.de/fragen/5537/was-macht-eigentlich-usepackaget1fontenc}}
\mintinline{latex}{T1} is an enconding that tries to cover most European
@ -114,20 +115,21 @@ The package \mintinline{latex}{babel} provides language-specific information
labels\footnote{cf. \cref{sec:references}} like \enquote{Chapter},
\enquote{Table of Contents}, or \enquote{Figure}).
The language that you want to use can be passed as an optional parameter.
Als optionaler Parameter kann die Sprache übergeben werden.
\mintinline{latex}{ngerman}, for instance, is used for the new German spelling.
Some packages require that the language is already passed as optional parameter
in the \mint{latex}{\documentclass} command. In this case, just leave aus the
in the \mintinline{latex}{\documentclass} command. In this case, just leave out
the
optional parameter for the language within the \mintinline{latex}{babel}
command.
You can use multiple languages in your document. To do so, pass the languages,
You can also use multiple languages in your document. To do so, pass the
languages,
separated by commas, as optional parameter to the \mintinline{latex}{\babel}
command. Within your document, you can switch between langauges with the
\mintinline{latex}{\selectlanguage{<language>}} command. Alternatively, you can
include foreign-language text by using the following command:
\begin{minted}{latex}
\foreignlanguage{<sprache>}{<text>}
\foreignlanguage{<language>}{<text>}
\end{minted}
\section{Document Environment}
@ -135,20 +137,22 @@ The actual content of your \acro{PDF} document needs to be put between
\mintinline{latex}{\begin{document}} and \mintinline{latex}{\end{document}}.
\subsection{Continuous Text}
The easiest that you can integrate into the document environment is continuous
text. You can directly write it into your source code. Line breaks and multiple
spaces are ignored by \LaTeX{}. Blank lines create a new paragraph, which are
indented by default. \footnote{The automatic indentation of new paragraphs can
The easiest content that you can integrate into the document environment is
continuous
text. You can write it directly into your source code. Line breaks and multiple
spaces are ignored by \LaTeX{}. Blank lines create a new paragraph, which is
indented by default.\footnote{The automatic indentation of new paragraphs can
be prevented by using the command \mintinline{latex}{\noindent}.}
Manual linebreaks can be forced with two backslashes
(\textbackslash\textbackslash). This should be avoided, though.
\subsection{Comments}
Some characters are reserved for \LaTeX-specific commands. By using a percent
sign, for instance, the rest of the line is going to be ignroed by the
compiler, i.\,e. the text will not appear in your generated \acro{PDF} document.
Some characters are reserved for \LaTeX-specific commands, like, for instance,
the percent sign. Using a percent sign tells the \LaTeX compiler to ignore the
rest of the line, i.\,e., the text after the percent character will not appear
in your generated \acro{PDF} document.
This can be useful in order to take notes while working on your document
without affecting the actual document. This is called a comment.
without affecting the document itself. This is called a comment.
However, if you want the percent sign to actually appear in your text, you can
achieve this by using a backslash: \mintinline{latex}{\%}.
@ -171,7 +175,7 @@ Depending on your specified document class the commands
additionally available -- for instance in books.
You can mark the command with an asterisk if you want to omit the numbering of
a section and exclude it from the table of contents\footnote{cf.
\cref{sec:table}}:
\cref{sec:table-of-contents}}:
\begin{minted}{latex}
\section*{This section is excluded from the table of contents}
@ -185,13 +189,12 @@ parameter in square brackets between the command and the actual title.
\end{minted}
\subsection{Front Matter}
A simple font matter can be created by using the command
A simple front matter can be created by using the command
\mintinline{latex}{\maketitle}. The values that get inserted into the front
matter must be specified within the preamble.
Multiple authors are joined by \mintinline{latex}{\and}.
Ein einfacher Titel lässt sich im Dokument mit dem Befehl
\mintinline{latex}{\maketitle} erzeugen.
If the date is not specified by \mintinline{latex}{\date}, the current date
If the date is not specified by the \mintinline{latex}{\date} command, the
current date
will be inserted by default.
The design of the front matter depends on the specified document class.
@ -199,20 +202,21 @@ The design of the front matter depends on the specified document class.
Titelei}
\subsection{Indices}\label{sec:table-of-contents}
If you structure your document with the above-mentioned commands for headings,
the command \mint{latex}{\tableofcontents} generates a automatically numbered
table of contents of it (like in \cref{lst:main-file} on
\cpageref{lst:main-file}).
The command \mintinline{latex}{\tableofcontents} generates an automatically
numbered table of contents by making use of the above-mentioned commands for
dividing
our text into sections and chapters (this can bee seen in \cref{lst:main-file}
on \cpageref{lst:main-file}).
The numbering style, the depth of the numbering and many other options can, of
course, be adapted. \footnote{We recommend the following blogpost:
The numbering style and depth, and many other options can, of
course, be specified manually.\footnote{We recommend the following blogpost:
\url{https://texblog.org/2011/09/09/10-ways-to-customize-tocloflot/}}
For \LaTeX{} to create your table of contents, the project has to be compiled
twice.
For \LaTeX{} to create our table of contents properly, the project has to be
compiled twice.
Besides the table of contents, you can also generate a
\mintinline{latex}{\listoffigures} (list of figures) and a
\mintinline{latex}{\listoftables} (list of tables). The captions of your
figures and tables will appear within those indices.\footnote{cf.
\cref{sec:graphics} (Grafiken) and \cref{sec:tables} (Tabellen) for more
information on this.}
\cref{sec:graphics} (Graphics) and \cref{sec:tables} (Tables) for more
information on captions.}