51 lines
2.8 KiB
TeX
51 lines
2.8 KiB
TeX
\chapter{Graphics}
|
|
\label{sec:graphics}
|
|
|
|
Since in \LaTeX{} we work with plain text, we cannot simply embed graphics into our text as we may be used to from other word processing programs.
|
|
Instead, we reference external image files by a command. The figure is then embedded and positioned at compile time.
|
|
|
|
\section{Inserting graphics}
|
|
\label{sec:display-graphics}
|
|
In order to be able to reference graphics, the package \texttt{graphicx} has to be included. For inserting a figure, we can use the following commands:
|
|
|
|
\codeblock{latex}{listings/graphics/insert-graphics.tex}
|
|
|
|
\noindent The command \mono{includegraphics} can be used to change the image size. The desired height and width of the figure can be indicated separately, as illustrated by the following example:
|
|
|
|
\codeblock{latex}{listings/graphics/image-size.tex}
|
|
|
|
\section{Positioning}
|
|
\label{sec:graphics-placement}
|
|
One interesting aspect of the what-you-get-is-what-you-mean paradigm is the way how graphics can be positioned.
|
|
The compiler creates multiple layouts and evaluates them.
|
|
By default, graphics are placed at the potentially optimal position that is calculated by the compiler.
|
|
By moving them around, typographic blemishes like widows and orphans\footnote{The first (last) line of a paragraph appears alone as last (first) line on the previous (next) page, cf. \url{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widows_and_orphans}.} can be avoided.
|
|
|
|
As a consequence, graphics are not necessarily placed between the two text blocks that we specify, but at another position.
|
|
In order to reference a picture, that possibly is placed on another page, we can use labels, which are covered in \cref{sec:references}.
|
|
On top of that, we can limit the positioning of our image more or less rigorously by adding optional parameters to the \texttt{figure} environment. The available positioning shortcuts can be found in \cref{tbl:placement-abbreviations}.
|
|
|
|
\begin{table}[h!]
|
|
\centering
|
|
\begin{tabular}{cl}
|
|
\toprule
|
|
Shortcut & Position \\
|
|
\midrule
|
|
h & here, if possible \\
|
|
t & on top of the page \emph{(top)} \\
|
|
b & at the bottom of the page \emph{(bottom)} \\
|
|
p & on its own page \emph{(page)} \\
|
|
H & definitely here (requires package \texttt{float}) \\
|
|
\bottomrule
|
|
\end{tabular}
|
|
\caption{Shortcuts for positioning graphics}
|
|
\label{tbl:placement-abbreviations}
|
|
\end{table}
|
|
|
|
\codeblock{latex}{listings/graphics/positioning.tex}
|
|
|
|
Besides the vertical positioning, also the horizontal orientation may be of importance.
|
|
By default, graphics are left-justified.
|
|
The command \code{latex}{\textbackslash centering} centers all following objects in the current environment.
|
|
If we want the centering to affect only one object, we can alternatively wrap it with \code{latex}{\textbackslash begin\{center\}} and \code{latex}{\textbackslash end\{center\}}.
|