63 lines
3.2 KiB
TeX
63 lines
3.2 KiB
TeX
\chapter{Graphics}
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\label{sec:graphics}
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Since in \LaTeX{} we work with plain text, we cannot simply embed graphics into our text as we may be used to from other \deleted[id=F]{text} word processing programs.
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Instead, we reference external image files by a command. The figure is then embedded and positioned at compile time.
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\section{Inserting graphics}
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\label{sec:display-graphics}
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In order to be able to reference graphics, the package \texttt{graphicx} has to be included. For inserting a figure, we can use the following commands:
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\begin{minted}[tabsize=4]{latex}
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\begin{figure}
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\includegraphics{<file path>}
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\caption[<short title>]{<caption>}
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\end{figure}
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\end{minted}
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\noindent The command \mintinline{latex}{includegraphics} can be used to change the image size. The desired height and width of the figure can be indicated separately, \replaced[id=F]{as}{like} illustrated by the following example:
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\begin{minted}{latex}
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\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth,height=5cm]{<file path>}
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\end{minted}
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\section{Positioning}
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\label{sec:graphics-placement}
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One interesting aspect of the what-you-get-is-what-you-mean paradigm is the way how graphics can be positioned.
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By default, the graphic is placed at the potentially optimal position that is calculated by the compiler. \todo{Bezüge etwas unklar. Evtl. Reihenfolge der Sätze überdenken?}It creates multiple layouts and evaluates them. By moving graphics, typographic blemishes, like widows and orphans\footnote{The first (last) line of a paragraph appears alone as last (first) line on the previous (next) page, cf. \url{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widows_and_orphans}.}, can be avoided.
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As a consequence, graphics are not necessarily placed between the two text blocks that we specify, but at another position.
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In order to reference a picture, that possibly is placed on another page, we can use labels, which are covered in \cref{sec:references}.
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On top of that, we can limit the positioning of our image more or less rigorously by adding optional parameters to the \texttt{figure} environment. The available positioning shortcuts can be found in \cref{tbl:placement-abbreviations}.
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\begin{table}[h!]
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\centering
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\begin{tabular}{cl}
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\toprule
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Shortcut & Position \\
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\midrule
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h & here, if possible \\
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t & on top of the page \emph{(top)} \\
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b & at the bottom of the page \emph{(bottom)} \\
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p & on its own page \emph{(page)} \\
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H & Definitely here! (requires package \texttt{float}) \\
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\bottomrule
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\end{tabular}
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\caption{Shortcuts for positioning graphics}
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\label{tbl:placement-abbreviations}
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\end{table}
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\todo{Entweder alles als Satz oder nichts}
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\begin{minted}[tabsize=4]{latex}
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\begin{figure}[<position shortcut>]
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\centering
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\includegraphics{<file path>}
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\end{figure}
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\end{minted}
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Besides the vertical positioning, also the horizontal orientation may be of importance.
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By default, graphics are left-justified.
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The command \mintinline{latex}{\centering} centers all following objects in the current environment.
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If we want the centering to affect only one object, we can alternatively wrap the figure with \mintinline{latex}{\begin{center}} and \mintinline{latex}{\end{center}}.
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\todo{In Figures ist das ja eigentlich nicht notwendig, oder?}
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