394 lines
7.8 KiB
Markdown
394 lines
7.8 KiB
Markdown
@slide(layout=chapter-slide)
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@number
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3
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@title
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Basic structure of a L<sup style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 73%; margin-left: -.25em; margin-right: -.05em; position: relative; top: .2em">A</sup>T<sub style="font-size: 100%; margin-left: -.1em">E</sub>X document
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@slide(layout=content-and-preview)
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@title
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Preamble & document environment
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@content
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<p style="text-indent: -1.3em"><span class="emoji">👁</span> Every LaTeX document is composed of</p>
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* a **preamble:** global settings (document class, encoding, language, page format, additional packages, …) and
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* a **document environment:** content of the document.
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``` {.lang-tex .hljs .fragment}
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\documentclass{article}
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\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
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\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
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\usepackage{babel}
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\begin{document}
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Hello world!
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\end{document}
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```
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@preview
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@slide(layout=wide-content)
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@title
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Document class
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@content
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``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
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\documentclass[<parameter>]{<document_class>}
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```
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For example:
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``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
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\documentclass[10pt,a5paper,landscape]{scrartcl}
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```
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<ul class="fragment">
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<li>**`scrartcl`, `article`** for short documents</li>
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<li>**`scrreprt`, `report`** for longer documents</li>
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<li>**`scrbook`, `book`** for books</li>
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<li>**`beamer`** for presentations</li>
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</ul>
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@slide(layout=content-only)
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@title
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Packages
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@content
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``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
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\usepackage[<options>]{<package_name>}
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```
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* Packages provide additional commands and functionalities.
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* There are different packages for different use cases (e. g., mathematical formulas, lists, ...).
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* Before they can be used, they have to be included **within the preamble.**
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@slide(layout=content-only)
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@title
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Encoding
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@content
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``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
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\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
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\usepackage[t1]{fontenc}
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```
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* ++ The character encoding determines which characters are available.
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* ++ **ASCII** contains no special characters like German umlauts.
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* ++ **UTF-8** is a universal encoding.
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@slide(layout=content-only)
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@title
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Language
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@content
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``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
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\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}
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```
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* The package **`babel`** provides language-specific information (e. g., hyphenation, special characters, font changes, translated labels like ‘chapter,’ ‘table of contents’ or ‘figure’).
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* **`ngerman`** is the German new spelling.
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@slide(layout=wide-content)
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@title
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Languages
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@content
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A document can use multiple languages at once:
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``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
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\usepackage[ngerman, swedish, russian, greek, english]{babel}
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```
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<div class="fragment">
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To switch languages:
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``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
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\selectlanguage{<language a>}
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\selectlanguage{<language b>}
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```
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Embedded Text in another language:
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``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
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\selectlanguage{<language a>}
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\foreignlanguage{<language b>}{Text of language B in a Text of language A}
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```
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</div>
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@slide(layout=content-and-preview)
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@title
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Languages — an example
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@content
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``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
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\today
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\selectlanguage{ngerman}
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\today
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\selectlanguage{swedish}
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\today
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\selectlanguage{russian}
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\today
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\selectlanguage{greek}
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\today
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\selectlanguage{english}
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\today
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```
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@preview
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@slide(layout=content-and-preview)
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@title
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Continuous Text
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@content
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``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
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Continous text can be written directly ↲
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in the source code. ↲
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Simple line breaks ↲
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are ignored, ↲
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just as multiple space characters. ↲
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↲
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An empty line creates a new paragraph ↲
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which has an indentation by default. ↲
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Manual line breaks can be forced ↲
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using two backslashes, but this use ↲
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is strongly discouraged \\ ↲
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within continuous text.
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```
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@preview
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@slide(layout=content-and-preview-with-category)
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@category
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Caution!
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@title
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Reserved characters
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@content
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Some characters do things in LaTeX:
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`# $ % ^ & _ { } ~ \`
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``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
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50% is one half.
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```
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Solution: prefix with ‘`\`’:
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``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
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50\% is one half.
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```
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Does not work for ‘`\\`’, use `\textbackslash` instead.
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@preview
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@slide(layout=content-and-preview)
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@title
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Sections and chapters
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@content
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Texts are structured by beeing subdivided in sections and chapters. Always available:
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``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
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\section{Level 1}
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\subsection{Level 2}
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\subsubsection{Level 3}
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\paragraph{Level 4}
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\subparagraph{Level 5}
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```
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Additionally, for some document classes:
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``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
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\chapter{Chapter}
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\part{Part}
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```
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@preview
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@slide(layout=content-and-preview)
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@title
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Sections and chapters
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@content
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With an asterisk, there is no numbering and no entry in the table of contents:
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``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
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\section*{No entry in table of contents}
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```
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You can also provide an alternative title for the table of contents:
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``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
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\section[Entry in table of contents]
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{Actual chapter heading}
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```
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@preview
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@slide(layout=wide-content)
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@title
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Front matter
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@content
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``` {.lang-tex .hljs data-source=title.tex}
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\title{The World of Truffles}
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\author{Fooboar Rüssel \and Fachschaft WIAI}
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\date{\today}
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\begin{document}
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\maketitle
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\end{document}
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```
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* The values for the entries are stored in the preamble.
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* `\maketitle` typesets the front matter within the document environment.
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* The exact appearance depends on the document class.
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* Multiple authors can be joined with `\and`.
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* If no date is given, the current date will be used. A different date can be defined with `\date{}`.
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@slide(layout=content-and-preview)
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@title
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Front matter
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@content
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``` {.lang-tex .hljs data-source=title.tex}
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\documentclass{article}
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\usepackage{babel}
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\title{The World of Truffles}
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\author{Fooboar Rüssel
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\and Fachschaft WIAI}
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\date{\today}
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\begin{document}
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\maketitle
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\section{Truffle hunt}
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\subsection{Hunt with a pig}
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\subsection{Hunt without a pig}
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Why would you do that?
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\section{Truffle recipes}
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My favorite recipe
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\end{document}
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```
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@preview
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@slide(layout=content-only)
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@title
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Registers
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@content
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``` {.lang-tex .hljs}
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\tableofcontents
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\listoffigures
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\listoftables
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```
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* automatic numbering
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* elements with an asterisk (`*`) are hidden from the register: e. g. `\section*{}`.
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* **generally requires two rounds of compilation**
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@slide(layout=content-and-preview)
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@title
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Table of contents
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@content
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``` {.lang-tex .hljs data-source=title.tex}
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\documentclass{article}
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\usepackage{babel}
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\begin{document}
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\tableofcontents
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\section{Truffle hunt}
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The first section.
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\subsection{Hunt with a pig}
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A subsection.
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\subsection{Hunt without a pig}
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Another subsection.
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\subsubsection[But why?]
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{Why would you do that?}
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Sub-subsection.
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\section{Truffle recipes}
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My favorite recipe
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\end{document}
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```
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@preview
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@slide(layout=wide-task)
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@task-number
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3
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@title
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Structure your document and text
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@content
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* Open the file `document-structure.tex`. It is located in the directory `exercises/basic-document-structure`.
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* Wrap the entire text in a **document** environment and insert the following **preamble**. Compile the document.
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``` {.lang-tex .hljs .fragment}
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\documentclass{scrartcl}
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\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
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\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
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\usepackage[english]{babel}
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```
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* As you may already have noticed, **paragraphs** are marked as ‘`\\`’. Use real paragraphs instead.
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* Time to structure our document! Use LaTex commands to declare all **headings** (`\section`, `\subsubsection`, etc.).
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* Add a **table of contents** to your document.
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@slide(layout=content-only)
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@title
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Before we can continue …
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@content
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<div class="box warning">
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Finally, **comment out** the preamble, the document environment, and the table of contents.
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Only this way, your solution can be embedded in the script itself. (In TeXstudio, comments can be achieved by the shortcut <kbd>Strg</kbd> + <kbd>T</kbd>.)
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</div>
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We will learn in the following chapter why this is the case. |