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4431 lines
108 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
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<title>LaTeX Workshop by Fachschaft WIAI</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/latex.css">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/highlightjs/dark.css">
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</head>
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<body>
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<section>
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<article>
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<div class="layout-content-only">
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<div class="layout-content titlepage">
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<h1>L<sup style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 73%; margin-left: -.25em; margin-right: -.05em; position: relative; top: .2em">A</sup>T<sub style="font-size: 100%; margin-left: -.1em">E</sub>X
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Weekend
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</h1>
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<small>
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<p>A Fachschaft WIAI workshop. Presented by Alice, Christian, Clara,
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Evelyn, Fabian, Florian, Jochen, Katharina, Kilian, Paul, and
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Sandra.</p>
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</small>
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</div>
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</div>
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</article>
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</section><section>
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<article>
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<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
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<div class="layout-content">
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<h2>Procedure of this workshop
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</h2>
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<p><strong>Goal:</strong> You are going to build your own little
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<br>LaTeX manual based on our <a href="https://git.stuve-bamberg.de/latex/latex-skript/">LaTeX
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Script</a>.</p>
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<ul>
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<li>learning by doing</li>
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<li>understanding how LaTeX works</li>
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<li>details can be looked up later</li>
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</ul>
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<div class="fragment">
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<p><strong>Outline:</strong></p>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>What is LaTeX?</li>
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<li>Basic LaTeX documents</li>
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<li>More complex projects</li>
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<li>Lots of features</li>
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<li>Reference management</li>
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<li>Outlook</li>
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</ol>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="layout-preview">
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<img data-src="svg/intro/cover-script.jpeg">
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</div>
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</div>
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</article>
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<article>
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<div class="layout-content-only">
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<div class="layout-content">
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<h1>
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<span class="chapter-number">1
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.</span>
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<span>What is
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L<sup style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 73%; margin-left: -.25em; margin-right: -.05em; position: relative; top: .2em">A</sup>T<sub style="font-size: 100%; margin-left: -.1em">E</sub>X?
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</span>
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</h1>
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</div>
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</div>
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</article>
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<article>
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<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
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<div class="layout-content">
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<h2>Origin
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</h2>
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<ul>
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<li>Donald <strong>Knuth</strong>, 1977–1986: typesetting system
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<strong>TeX</strong><span class="bubble fragment" style="margin-top: -3em;">τεχ → /tɛç, tɛx, tɛk/</span> for The Art of
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Computer Programming</li>
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<li>Leslie <strong>Lamport</strong>, from 1980s: software package
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<strong>LaTeX</strong> made TeX easier to use</li>
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</ul>
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<div style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: stretch;">
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<figure>
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<img data-src="svg/intro/knuth.jpg" style="height: 13em">
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<figcaption>
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Donald Knuth
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</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<figure>
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<img data-src="svg/intro/lamport.jpg" style="height: 13em">
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<figcaption>
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Leslie Lamport
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</figcaption>
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</figure>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="layout-preview">
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<img data-src="svg/intro/taocp.jpg">
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</div>
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</div>
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</article>
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<article>
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<div class="layout-content-only">
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<div class="layout-content">
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<h2>5 Reasons for LaTeX
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</h2>
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<ol type="1">
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<li>Besides Word, LaTeX is <strong>one of the two dominant typesetting
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systems</strong> in the academic world.</li>
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<li class="fragment"><strong>Mathematical formulas</strong> feel most at home in
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LaTeX. This is why the LaTeX formula notation has been integrated into
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numerous other tools (e. g. OneNote, Word, Wikipedia, …).</li>
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<li class="fragment">There are <strong>countless packages</strong> for the most
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diverse areas of application.</li>
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<li class="fragment">LaTeX was developed to produce <strong>aesthetically pleasing
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typesetting</strong> — and you can see that in the texts it
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produces.</li>
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<li class="fragment">Complex documents typeset in LaTeX <strong>facilitate
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collaboration</strong> enormously (e. g. through versioning, proper
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document structuring, templates, reliable undo, …).</li>
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</ol>
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</div>
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</div>
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</article>
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<article>
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<div class="layout-content-only">
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<div class="layout-content">
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<h2>LaTeX’ Shortcomings
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</h2>
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<ul>
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<li>Typesetting text can be <strong>cumbersome</strong>, especially for
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short documents.</li>
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<li>
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<strong>Layout adjustments</strong> are only possible within certain
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limits.</li>
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</ul>
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<div class="box warning fragment">
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<p>The “LaTeX vs. Word” debate is very old. If you are interested in
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tracing it, we can recommend the following article as a starting
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point:</p>
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<p>Moorhead, A.V. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-021-04119-2"><strong>Is LaTeX use
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correlated with the number of equations in a manuscript?</strong></a>
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Scientometrics 126, 8259–8273 (2021).</p>
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<p style="font-size: 60%; line-height: 1.5em">
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(TL;DR: LaTeX users make more errors, they need more time except when it
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comes to formulas, but they are happier with their tool.)
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</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</article>
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<article>
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<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
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<div class="layout-content">
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<h2>WYSIWhat?
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</h2>
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<h3 data-category="Word" id="what-you-see-is-what-you-get">What You See
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Is What You Get</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Formatting with immediate visual feedback</li>
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</ul>
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<div class="fragment">
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<h3 data-category="LaTeX" id="what-you-see-is-what-you-mean">What You
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See Is What You Mean</h3>
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<ul>
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<li>Separation of content and structure</li>
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<li>Formatting only visible afterwards</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<p style="margin-top:calc(.25 * var(--square));">
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Image source: <a href="https://xkcd.com/1341/">xkcd</a>
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</p>
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</div>
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<div class="layout-preview">
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<img data-src="svg/intro/xkcd-types-of-editors.png">
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</div>
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</div>
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</article>
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<article>
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<div class="layout-preview-only">
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<div class="layout-preview">
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<figure>
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<img data-src="svg/intro/wysiwyg.svg" alt="How to get the final document">
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<figcaption aria-hidden="true">How to get the final
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document</figcaption>
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</figure>
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</div>
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</div>
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</article>
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<article>
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<div class="layout-two-columns">
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<h2 class="layout-title">What do we need?
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</h2>
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<div class="layout-column-one">
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<h3 id="compiler">Compiler</h3>
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<p>takes the source code and creates a PDF document ready for
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publication</p>
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<p><a href="http://miktex.org/">MiKTeX</a> (Windows), <a href="http://tug.org/mactex/">MacTeX</a> (macOS)<br>
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<a href="https://tug.org/texlive/">TeX Live</a> (Linux, preferably
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<code>texlive-full</code>)</p>
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<div class="box warning fragment">
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<p>On <strong>Windows</strong>, please open the
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MikT<sub style="font-size: 100%; margin-left: -.1em">E</sub>X Console
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once and search for updates.</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="layout-column-two">
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<div class="fragment">
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<h3 id="editor">Editor</h3>
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<p>writing our source code including all the commands that structure the
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text semantically</p>
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<p><a href="http://www.texstudio.org/">TeXstudio</a> (recommended), <a href="https://vscodium.com">VS Codium</a> (for advanced users,
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instructions on <a href="https://git.stuve-bamberg.de/latex/latex-skript/src/branch/master/docs/vs-code-instructions.md">Github</a>)</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</article>
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<article>
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<div class="layout-content-only">
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<div class="layout-content">
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<h2 data-category="Task" data-task="1 ">Compile the script for the first time
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</h2>
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<ul>
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<li>Download the project archive from the VC.</li>
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<li>Unzip the archive.</li>
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<li>Open the file <code>install-verification/main.tex</code> in
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T<sub style="font-size: 100%; margin-left: -.1em">E</sub>Xstudio.</li>
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<li>Compile the file by pressing <span class="emoji">⏩</span>
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</li>
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<li>Have a look at the new files that will be generated by the
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compilation.</li>
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</ul>
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<div class="box warning">
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<p><strong>Windows</strong>: In order to enable file endings, click the
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view tab in the file explorer, and select <em>file name extensions</em>.
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This helps differentiating the different <code>main</code> files.</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</article>
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<article>
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<div class="layout-content-only extra-content">
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<div class="layout-content">
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<h2 data-category="Extra">Micro- and Macrotypography
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</h2>
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<p>Text typesetting is particularly good when it is not conspicuous. Or
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to put it another way: Good typesetting makes for effortless reading.
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This website impressively demonstrates the role played by fonts and font
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sizes, line spacing and many other factors:</p>
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<p><a href="https://legibility.info/legible-readable">https://legibility.info/legible-readable</a></p>
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<p>The best thing about it: LaTeX does most of this manual work for
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us.</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</article>
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</section><section>
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<article>
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<div class="layout-content-only">
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<div class="layout-content">
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<h1>
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<span class="chapter-number">2
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.</span>
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<span>Basic documents
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</span>
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</h1>
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</div>
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</div>
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</article>
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<article>
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<div class="layout-wide-content">
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<div class="layout-content">
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<h2>Commands
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</h2>
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<p>General structure of a command:</p>
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<pre class="hljs lang-txt"><code>\<command>[<optional_parameters>]{<obligatory_parameters>}</code></pre>
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<p class="fragment">A few examples:</p>
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<div class="sourceCode" id="cb2"><pre class="sourceCode lang-tex tex hljs fragment"><code class="sourceCode latex"><span id="cb2-1"><a href="#cb2-1" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">\newpage</span> <span class="co">% inserts a new page</span></span>
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<span id="cb2-2"><a href="#cb2-2" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">\textbf</span>{bold text} <span class="co">% formats the text bold</span></span>
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<span id="cb2-3"><a href="#cb2-3" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="bu">\documentclass</span>[a4paper,12pt,landscape]{<span class="ex">article</span>} <span class="co">% configures the document class</span></span>
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<span id="cb2-4"><a href="#cb2-4" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"></a><span class="fu">\frac</span>{1}{4} <span class="co">% inserts a mathematical fraction</span></span></code></pre></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</article>
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<article>
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<div class="layout-content-only">
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<div class="layout-content">
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<h2>Backslash
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</h2>
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<p>Assuming a German keyboard layout, you get the backslash by
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pressing</p>
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<p><kbd>AltGr</kbd> + <kbd>ß</kbd> (Windows/Linux)</p>
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<p><kbd>Alt</kbd> + <kbd>Shift</kbd> + <kbd>7</kbd> (MacOS)</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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</article>
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<article>
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<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
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<div class="layout-content">
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<h2>Preamble & document environment
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</h2>
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<p style="text-indent: -1.3em">
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<span class="emoji">👁</span> Every LaTeX document is composed of
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>a <strong>preamble:</strong> global settings (document class,
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encoding, language, page format, additional packages, …) and</li>
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<li>a <strong>document environment:</strong> content of the
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document.</li>
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</ul>
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<pre class="lang-tex hljs fragment"><code>\documentclass{article}
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\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
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\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
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\usepackage{babel}
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\begin{document}
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Hello world!
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\end{document}</code></pre>
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</div>
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<div class="layout-preview">
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||
<img data-src="svg/basic-documents/hello-crop.svg">
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</div>
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</div>
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</article>
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<article>
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<div class="layout-wide-content">
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<div class="layout-content">
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<h2>Document class
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</h2>
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<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\documentclass[<parameter>]{<document_class>}</code></pre>
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<p>For example:</p>
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<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\documentclass[10pt,a5paper,landscape]{article}</code></pre>
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</div>
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</div>
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||
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</article>
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<article>
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<div class="layout-content-only">
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<div class="layout-content">
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<h2>Encoding
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||
</h2>
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<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
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\usepackage[t1]{fontenc}</code></pre>
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<ul>
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<li>The character encoding determines which characters are
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||
available.</li>
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<li>
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<strong>ASCII</strong> contains no special characters like German
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umlauts.</li>
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<li>
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<strong>UTF-8</strong> is a universal encoding.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Language
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||
</h2>
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<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}</code></pre>
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||
<ul>
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<li>The package <strong><code>babel</code></strong> provides
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||
language-specific information (e. g., hyphenation, special characters,
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||
font changes, translated labels like ‘chapter,’ ‘table of contents’ or
|
||
‘figure’).</li>
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||
<li>
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||
<strong><code>ngerman</code></strong> is the German new
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||
spelling.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Continuous Text
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>Continous text can be written directly ↲
|
||
in the source code. ↲
|
||
Simple line breaks ↲
|
||
are ignored, ↲
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||
just as multiple space characters. ↲
|
||
↲
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||
An empty line creates a new paragraph ↲
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||
which has an indentation by default. ↲
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||
Manual line breaks can be forced ↲
|
||
using two backslashes, but this use ↲
|
||
is strongly discouraged \\ ↲
|
||
within continuous text.</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/basic-documents/paragraphs-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Comments
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>After a percent sign, the rest of the line is ignored by the
|
||
compiler. It is called a comment and does not appear in the resulting
|
||
document.</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>% profile start
|
||
Name: Donald Knuth \\
|
||
Date of birth: \\ % TODO: insert
|
||
Place of birth: Milwaukee, Wisconsin
|
||
% profile end</code></pre>
|
||
<p>Shortcuts: <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>T</kbd> and <kbd>Ctrl</kbd> +
|
||
<kbd>U</kbd></p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/basic-documents/comments-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Caution! ">Reserved characters
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>Some characters do things in LaTeX:</p>
|
||
<p><code># $ % ^ & _ { } ~ \</code></p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>50% is one half.</code></pre>
|
||
<p>Solution: prefix with ‘<code>\</code>’:</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>50\% is one half.</code></pre>
|
||
<p>Does not work for ‘<code>\\</code>’, use <code>\textbackslash</code>
|
||
instead. <span class="fragment">Also: Consider using a thin space
|
||
between numbers and units (<code>50\,\%</code>).</span></p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/basic-documents/reserved-characters-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Sections and chapters
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>Texts are structured by beeing subdivided in sections and chapters.
|
||
Always available:</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\section{Level 1}
|
||
\subsection{Level 2}
|
||
\subsubsection{Level 3}
|
||
\paragraph{Level 4}
|
||
\subparagraph{Level 5}</code></pre>
|
||
<p>Additionally, for some document classes:</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\chapter{Chapter}
|
||
\part{Part}</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/basic-documents/sections-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-wide-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Title page
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs" data-source="title.tex"><code>\title{The World of Truffles}
|
||
\author{Fooboar Rüssel \and Fachschaft WIAI}
|
||
\date{\today}
|
||
\begin{document}
|
||
\maketitle
|
||
\end{document}</code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>The values for the entries are stored in the preamble.</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<code>\maketitle</code> typesets the title page within the document
|
||
environment.</li>
|
||
<li>The exact appearance depends on the document class.</li>
|
||
<li>Multiple authors can be joined with <code>\and</code>.</li>
|
||
<li>If no date is given, the current date will be used. A different date
|
||
can be defined with <code>\date{}</code>.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Front matter
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs" data-source="title.tex"><code>\documentclass{article}
|
||
\usepackage{babel}
|
||
\title{The World of Truffles}
|
||
\author{Fooboar Rüssel
|
||
\and Fachschaft WIAI}
|
||
\date{\today}
|
||
|
||
\begin{document}
|
||
\maketitle
|
||
\section{Truffle hunt}
|
||
\subsection{Hunt with a pig}
|
||
\subsection{Hunt without a pig}
|
||
Why would you do that?
|
||
\section{Truffle recipes}
|
||
My favorite recipe
|
||
\end{document}</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/basic-documents/title-orig.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Registers
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\tableofcontents
|
||
\listoffigures
|
||
\listoftables</code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>automatic numbering</li>
|
||
<li>elements with an asterisk (<code>*</code>) are hidden from the
|
||
register: e. g. <code>\section*{}</code>.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>generally requires two rounds of compilation</strong></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Table of contents
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs" data-source="title.tex"><code>\documentclass{article}
|
||
\usepackage{babel}
|
||
\begin{document}
|
||
\tableofcontents
|
||
\section{Truffle hunt}
|
||
The first section.
|
||
\subsection{Hunt with a pig}
|
||
A subsection.
|
||
\subsection{Hunt without a pig}
|
||
Another subsection.
|
||
\subsubsection[But why?]{Why would
|
||
you do that?}
|
||
Sub-subsection.
|
||
\section{Truffle recipes}
|
||
My favorite recipe
|
||
\end{document}</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/basic-documents/contents-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-wide-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Task" data-task="2 ">Structure your document and text
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<div class="box warning">
|
||
<p><strong>Close all open tabs</strong> from previous tasks.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Open the file <code>document-structure.tex</code>. It is located in
|
||
the directory <code>exercises/basic-document-structure</code>.</li>
|
||
<li>Wrap the entire text in a <strong>document</strong> environment and
|
||
insert the following <strong>preamble</strong>.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\documentclass{article}
|
||
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
|
||
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
|
||
\usepackage[english]{babel}</code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>As you may already have noticed, <strong>paragraphs</strong> are
|
||
marked as ‘<code>\\</code>’. Use real paragraphs instead.</li>
|
||
<li>Time to structure our document! Use LaTex commands to declare all
|
||
<strong>headings</strong> (<code>\section</code>,
|
||
<code>\subsubsection</code>, etc.).</li>
|
||
<li>Add a <strong>table of contents</strong> to your document.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-wide-content extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">Document classes
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>There are also other document classes than
|
||
<code>article</code>.</li>
|
||
<li>Based on the document class, the layout of the generated pdf file
|
||
changes.</li>
|
||
<li>Normally spelled classes adhere to American English layout
|
||
norms.</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<strong><code>scr</code></strong> document classes usually adhere to
|
||
European layout norms.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>Following document classes are available:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<strong><code>scrartcl</code>, <code>article</code></strong> for
|
||
short documents</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<strong><code>scrreprt</code>, <code>report</code></strong> for
|
||
longer documents</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<strong><code>scrbook</code>, <code>book</code></strong> for
|
||
books</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<strong><code>beamer</code></strong> for presentations</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-wide-content extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">Languages
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>A document can use multiple languages at once:</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\usepackage[ngerman, swedish, ukrainian, greek, english]{babel}</code></pre>
|
||
<p>To switch languages:</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\selectlanguage{<language a>}
|
||
\selectlanguage{<language b>}</code></pre>
|
||
<p>Embedded Text in another language:</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\selectlanguage{<language a>}
|
||
\foreignlanguage{<language b>}{Text of language B in a text of language A}</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">Languages — an example
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\today
|
||
\selectlanguage{ngerman}
|
||
\today
|
||
\selectlanguage{swedish}
|
||
\today
|
||
\selectlanguage{ukrainian}
|
||
\today
|
||
\selectlanguage{greek}
|
||
\today
|
||
\selectlanguage{english}
|
||
\today</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/basic-documents/languages-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">Headlines and the table of contents
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>With an asterisk, there is no numbering and no entry in the table of
|
||
contents:</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\section*{No entry in table of contents}</code></pre>
|
||
<p>You can also provide an alternative title for the table of
|
||
contents:</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\section[Entry in table of contents]
|
||
{Actual chapter heading}</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/basic-documents/sections-differently-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">Headers and footers
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>The <code>fancyhdr</code> package helps us with that.</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>% activate in general
|
||
\pagestyle{fancy}
|
||
|
||
% apply to the first page as well
|
||
\thispagestyle{fancy}
|
||
|
||
% reset values
|
||
\fancyhead{} % and/or \fancyfoot{}
|
||
\fancyhead[L]{Left header}
|
||
\fancyfoot[C]{Center footer}
|
||
\fancyfoot[R]{\thepage}</code></pre>
|
||
<p>A comprehensive tutorial can be found on <a href="https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Headers_and_footers">Overleaf</a>.</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-wide-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Task" data-task="2x ">Make it fit your needs
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Add a <strong>title</strong> to the document.</li>
|
||
<li>Make today’s date appear in a <strong>language of your
|
||
choice</strong>.</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<strong>Hide</strong> one section title in the table of
|
||
contents.</li>
|
||
<li>Add a <strong>short title</strong> to a different section
|
||
title.</li>
|
||
<li>Split the text in <strong>two columns</strong> (keyword:
|
||
<code>twocolumn</code>).</li>
|
||
<li>Add a <strong>header</strong> with the title on the right and a
|
||
<strong>footer</strong> with the page number on the left.</li>
|
||
<li>Try out what changes when you change the <strong>document
|
||
class</strong>.</li>
|
||
<li>Research the possibilities of <a href="https://hartwork.org/beamer-theme-matrix/">traditional</a> and <a href="https://gitlab.cs.fau.de/i4/tex/i4neo">modern</a> <strong>beamer
|
||
presentation templates</strong>.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
|
||
</section><section>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h1>
|
||
<span class="chapter-number">3
|
||
.</span>
|
||
<span>Complex projects
|
||
</span>
|
||
</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Goal
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>Create a bigger LaTeX project and …</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>prevent LaTeX documents from growing monstrously <span class="emoji">👹</span>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>keep the overview over the project structure</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/project-structure/langes-dokument.jpg" style="padding: .2em; height: 100vh">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Main file <span class="emoji">👑</span>
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>contains basic structure</li>
|
||
<li>includes separate sections with<br>
|
||
<code>\input{path/to/file}</code>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs" data-sourcefile="main.tex"><code>\documentclass{article}
|
||
\usepackage{babel}
|
||
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
|
||
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
|
||
\title{A Title}
|
||
\begin{document}
|
||
\maketitle
|
||
\tableofcontents
|
||
\input{section1.tex}
|
||
\input{section2.tex}
|
||
\end{document}</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/project-structure/main-orig.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>File with a section
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>contains <strong>no preamble</strong>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>contains <strong>no</strong> <code>\begin{document}</code> or
|
||
<code>\end{document}</code>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre class="hljs lang-tex" data-sourcefile="part1.tex"><code>\section{This is section 1}
|
||
A paragraph about the content
|
||
of section 1.
|
||
|
||
% …</code></pre>
|
||
<pre class="hljs lang-tex" data-sourcefile="part2.tex"><code>\section{This is section 2}
|
||
A paragraph about the content
|
||
of section 2.
|
||
|
||
% …</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/project-structure/main-parts-crop.svg" class="thin-padding">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Compiling the project
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<strong>Only the main file</strong> has to be compiled to get the
|
||
complete PDF document.</li>
|
||
<li class="fragment">Error messages include a reference to the corresponding
|
||
subfile.</li>
|
||
<li class="fragment">Subfiles cannot be compiled on their own as they don’t have a
|
||
preamble.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Task" data-task="3 ">A structured project
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<div class="box warning">
|
||
<p><strong>Close all open tabs</strong> from previous tasks.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>You will find a file named <code>main.tex</code> in the folder
|
||
<code>exercises/project-structure</code>.</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Put the sections of the file into separate files, named
|
||
<code>section1.tex</code> and <code>section2.tex</code>.</li>
|
||
<li>Include them using the <code>\input</code> command.</li>
|
||
<li>Move the preamble to its own file in a similar fashion.</li>
|
||
<li>Finally, have a look at the general project archive, starting from
|
||
<code>main-exercises.tex</code> (in the root folder of the project
|
||
archive). How do we include the different sections here?</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">Embedding PDF documents
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>The <code>pdfpages</code> package allows for embedding entire PDF
|
||
documents.</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\includepdf[pages={<from>-<to>}]{<file>}</code></pre>
|
||
<p>Further options make multiple pages appear in tiles and change the
|
||
orientation to landscape, among other things. See the <a href="https://www.ctan.org/pkg/pdfpages">package documentation</a> for a
|
||
complete list.</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-wide-content extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">Macros
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>It may be helpful to specify custom macros for often-used code.</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\newcommand{\<name>}[<parameter_count>][<default>]{<content>}</code></pre>
|
||
<p>In the script, we used these macros for margins and acronyms (see
|
||
<code>commands.tex</code> for more examples):</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\newcommand{\widefiguremargin}{-.22\textwidth}
|
||
\newcommand{\acro}[1]{\textsc{\lowercase{#1}}}</code></pre>
|
||
<p>It is also possible to customize existing commands. <span class="math inline">\(\LaTeX\)</span> even allows you to use programming
|
||
patterns like variables, conditionals, and loops. To learn more, have a
|
||
look at <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Macros">this
|
||
WikiBook chapter</a>.</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Excursion ">Specifying file paths <span class="emoji">👣</span>
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>important for <code>\input{}</code>, but later also for other media
|
||
types</li>
|
||
<li>file and folder structure = tree structure <span class="emoji">🌳</span>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>with <code>\input{}</code>, you can specify the path relative to the
|
||
main file</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p data-category="Caution!" class="fragment">
|
||
In <strong>LaTeX,</strong> you have to use UNIX-style paths. They are
|
||
separated by a forward slash: <code>path/to/file</code>. We will use
|
||
those from here on.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/project-structure/tree-english-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Excursion ">Specifying file paths <span class="emoji">👣</span>
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p data-category="Example">
|
||
<code>main-exercises.tex</code> → <code>praeamble.tex</code>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<div class="fragment">
|
||
<p><code>./praeamble.tex</code></p>
|
||
<p>A <strong>single dot ‘<code>.</code>’</strong> represents the current
|
||
folder (in this case: <code>latex-script</code>). It is optional, you
|
||
could also write <code>praeamble.tex</code> here.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/project-structure/relative-path-english-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Excursion ">Specifying file paths <span class="emoji">👣</span>
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p data-category="Example">
|
||
<code>main-exercises.tex</code> →
|
||
<code>basic-document-structure.tex</code> (in a subfolder)
|
||
</p>
|
||
<pre class="fragment">./content/basic-document-structure.tex</pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/project-structure/relative-path-subdir-english-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Excursion ">Specifying file paths <span class="emoji">👣</span>
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p data-category="Example">
|
||
<code>basic-functionality.tex</code> → <code>graphics.raw.tex</code>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p>(<code>basic-functionality.tex</code> is imported into
|
||
<code>main-exercises.tex</code>)</p>
|
||
<div class="fragment">
|
||
<p><code>./exercises/graphics/graphics.raw.tex</code></p>
|
||
<p data-category="Caution!">
|
||
Paths are always relative to the root document that imports other files
|
||
as fragments.
|
||
</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/project-structure/relative-path-transitive-english-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Note
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>From now on, we will compile the file
|
||
<code>main-exercises.tex</code> in the project root.</li>
|
||
<li>To do so, right click on the file in TeXstudio and choose
|
||
<strong>“Select as explicit root document”</strong> from the
|
||
dropdown.</li>
|
||
<li>Next, compile as usual.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
|
||
</section><section>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h1>
|
||
<span class="chapter-number">4
|
||
.</span>
|
||
<span>Special characters
|
||
</span>
|
||
</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Spaces
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Use thin spaces (<code>\,</code>) and non-breaking spaces
|
||
(<code>~</code>), where appropriate.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre class="hljs lang-tex"><code>Thin spaces are used in abbreviations
|
||
and before units, e.\,g., 10\,s.
|
||
Normal-width non-breaking spaces can help
|
||
keep honorary titles and names on one
|
||
line: Dr.~Fooboar.</code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li class="fragment">Use french spacing (<code>\frenchspacing</code>) to avoid giant
|
||
gaps after full stops.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/special-characters/spaces-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Hyphens and dashes
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<table>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th>
|
||
Name
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th>
|
||
Use
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th>
|
||
Code
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
-
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
Hyphen
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
compound-forming hyphen
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>-</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
–
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
En dash <em>(Halbgeviertstrich)</em>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
a dash – or a range: 12 – 2 p.m.
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>--</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
—
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
Em dash <em>(Geviertstrich)</em>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
a dash — mostly in American English
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>---</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/special-characters/hyphens-and-dashes-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Quotes
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>The <code>csquotes</code> package provides, amongst others, the
|
||
command <code>\enquote</code>.</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\enquote{A \enquote{nested}
|
||
quote.}</code></pre>
|
||
<p>When included with <code>autostyle=true</code>, foreign-language
|
||
quotes use the according quotation marks:</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\foreignquote{ngerman}{Ein deutsches
|
||
Zitat.}</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/special-characters/quotes-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Special characters & symbols
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<h3 id="detexify-to-the-rescue">Detexify to the rescue! <span class="emoji">⛑️</span>
|
||
</h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>A long list of symbols to use:<br>
|
||
<a href="http://tug.ctan.org/info/symbols/comprehensive/symbols-a4.pdf">PDF
|
||
on the CTAN website</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>Draw symbols and have them recognised:<br>
|
||
<a href="http://detexify.kirelabs.org/classify.html">Detexify</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Task" data-task="4 ">Insert special characters
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<div class="box warning">
|
||
<p>From now on, compile the file <code>main-exercises.tex</code> to see
|
||
your changes appear in the exercise script (in this task, see exercise
|
||
5).</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Replace the spaces in <code>exercises/special-characters.tex</code>
|
||
within the abbreviations (“e. g.”, “i. a.”) by <strong>thin
|
||
spaces</strong>.</li>
|
||
<li>Replace the hyphens separating the opening hours by <strong>en
|
||
dashes</strong> (<code>--</code>), optionally surrounded by thin
|
||
spaces.</li>
|
||
<li>Add <strong>quotation marks</strong> around the words
|
||
<em>Studi-Ticket</em> and <em>Studi-Karte</em> using the
|
||
<code>\enquote</code> command.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">English and French spacing
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>In English, LaTeX uses the old-fashioned <em>English spacing,</em>
|
||
i. e., double sentence spacing.</p>
|
||
<p>If you want to be more modern, you can use
|
||
<code>\frenchspacing</code> above your first paragraph.
|
||
<code>\nonfrenchspacing</code> goes back to default.</p>
|
||
<p>If you actually use <em>English spacing,</em> LaTeX will still try
|
||
and put normal word spacing after abbreviations. However, you should
|
||
check the results and intervene where needed by</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>forcing normal spaces: <code>.\␣</code>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>manually ending sentences: <code>\@.␣</code>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/special-characters/french-spacing-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">Hyphenation
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>Most of the time, LaTeX hyphenates words correctly if the correct
|
||
language is configured. Sometimes, manual intervention is required.</p>
|
||
<table>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
Exclusive hyphenation
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\-</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
Additional hyphenation
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>"-</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
Hyphen (suppressing other hyphenation)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>-</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
Hyphen (allowing other hyphenation)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>"=</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
Possible separation without hyphen
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>""</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
Non-breaking hyphen
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>"~</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<p data-category="Caution!">
|
||
Some of the codes only work when you use the <code>babel</code> package.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/special-characters/hyphenation-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">Manual quotation
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<table>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th>
|
||
Language
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th style="text-align: center;">
|
||
Command
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th style="text-align: center;">
|
||
Result
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
English (B. E.)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td style="text-align: center;">
|
||
<code> `…' </code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td style="text-align: center;">
|
||
‘ … ’
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
2nd Level
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td style="text-align: center;">
|
||
<code>``…''</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td style="text-align: center;">
|
||
“ … ”
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
English (A. E.)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td style="text-align: center;">
|
||
<code>``…''</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td style="text-align: center;">
|
||
“ … ”
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
2nd Level
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td style="text-align: center;">
|
||
<code> `…' </code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td style="text-align: center;">
|
||
‘ … ’
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
German
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td style="text-align: center;">
|
||
<code>\glqq … \grqq</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td style="text-align: center;">
|
||
„ … “
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
2nd Level
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td style="text-align: center;">
|
||
<code>\glq … \grq</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td style="text-align: center;">
|
||
‚ … ’
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
German altern.
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td style="text-align: center;">
|
||
<code>\frqq … \flqq</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td style="text-align: center;">
|
||
» … «
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
2nd Level
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td style="text-align: center;">
|
||
<code>\frq … \flq</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td style="text-align: center;">
|
||
› … ‹
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<p>Other rules my apply for other languages (mostly: the same
|
||
characters, but combined differently).</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">Diacritics
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>Letters with diacritics can either by typed directly on the keyboard
|
||
or via escape codes:</p>
|
||
<table>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\`{o}</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
ò
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\c{c}</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
ç
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\d{u}</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
ụ
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\'{o}</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
ó
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\k{a}</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
ą
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\r{a}</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
å
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\^{o}</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
ô
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\l{}</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
ł
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\u{o}</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
ŏ
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\"{o}</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
ö
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\={o}</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
ō
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\v{s}</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
š
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\H{o}</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
ő
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\b{o}</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
o
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\t{oo}</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
o͡o
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\~{o}</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
õ
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\.{o}</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
ȯ
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\o</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
ø
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">Special characters
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>Special characters can also be typed directly or created via escape
|
||
codes and commands:</p>
|
||
<table>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td style="text-align: center;">
|
||
¿
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>?`</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td style="text-align: center;">
|
||
¡
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>!`</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td style="text-align: center;">
|
||
^
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\textasciicircum</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td style="text-align: center;">
|
||
~
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\textasciitilde</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td style="text-align: center;">
|
||
＊
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\textasteriskcentered</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td style="text-align: center;">
|
||
\
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\textbackslash</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td style="text-align: center;">
|
||
|
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\textbar</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td style="text-align: center;">
|
||
∙
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\textbullet</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td style="text-align: center;">
|
||
ⓒ
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\textcopyright</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td style="text-align: center;">
|
||
†
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\textdagger</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td style="text-align: center;">
|
||
‡
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\textdaggerdbl</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td style="text-align: center;">
|
||
…
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\textellipsis</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td style="text-align: center;">
|
||
<
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\textless</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td style="text-align: center;">
|
||
>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\textgreater</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td style="text-align: center;">
|
||
‰
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\textperthousand</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td style="text-align: center;">
|
||
§
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\textsection</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<p>… and pretty much anything else.</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
|
||
</section><section>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h1>
|
||
<span class="chapter-number">5
|
||
.</span>
|
||
<span>Text Markup
|
||
</span>
|
||
</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Emphases
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>semantical emphasis with <code>\emph{}</code>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>optical highlighting options:</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<table>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th>
|
||
Name
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th>
|
||
Befehl
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
Bold (bold face)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\textbf{important}</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
Italics (italics)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\textit{important}</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
Small caps
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\textsc{important}</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
non-proportional (teletype)
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\texttt{important}</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
underlined
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\underline{important}</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img class="thin-padding" data-src="svg/text-markup/emphases-crop.svg" style="margin-bottom: 0;">
|
||
<img class="thin-padding fragment" data-src="svg/text-markup/optical-highlighting-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Better Call LaTeX!
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<div class="box warning">
|
||
<p><strong>Some well-meaning advice</strong></p>
|
||
<p>You want the entire document to look consistent?</p>
|
||
<p>Trust LaTeX’s defaults (font sizes of title, paragraphs, footnotes,
|
||
etc.)!</p>
|
||
<p>This conversely means: Avoid fiddling around with font sizes
|
||
manually.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>URLs
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>The <code>hyperref</code> package provides an <code>\url{}</code>
|
||
command that reproduces URLs</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>letter by letter</li>
|
||
<li>using line breaks without hyphens</li>
|
||
<li>using a font with well-distinguishable characters</li>
|
||
<li>as a clickable link in the PDF.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\url{https://www.latex-project.org/}</code></pre>
|
||
<p class="fragment">With <code>\href{}{}</code>, the URL is hidden in an interactive
|
||
link.</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs fragment"><code>\href{https://latex-project.org/news/}{blog}</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/text-markup/url-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Task" data-task="5 ">Emphasising text
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<strong>Emphasise</strong> the words <em>Recursion</em> and
|
||
<em>recursive</em> in <code>exercises/text-markup/markup.tex</code>
|
||
using <code>\emph{…}</code>.</li>
|
||
<li>Make the <strong>URL</strong> in the text clickable.</li>
|
||
<li>Find a proper way to display the whole <strong>paragraph as a
|
||
quote</strong>. Have a look at the <code>csquotes</code> package.</li>
|
||
<li>Of course, you can also experiment with the other <strong>text
|
||
markup</strong> possibilities. However, remove them afterwards if you
|
||
want to have a clean document.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">Font size
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<h3 id="preset-font-sizes">Preset font sizes</h3>
|
||
<pre class="hljs lang-tex"><code>{\<fontsize> some text}</code></pre>
|
||
<p>Font sizes relative to <code>normalsize</code>:</p>
|
||
<pre class="hljs lang-tex"><code>{\tiny If}
|
||
{\footnotesize you}
|
||
{\small can}
|
||
{\normalsize read}
|
||
{\large this,}
|
||
{\Large you}
|
||
{\LARGE don’t}
|
||
{\huge need}
|
||
{\Huge glasses.}</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/text-markup/font-size-optician-crop.svg" class="thin-padding">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">Ragged alignment
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>By default, LaTeX sets text in full justification, but it is possible
|
||
to activate ragged alignment.</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\raggedright … \raggedleft …
|
||
\centering …</code></pre>
|
||
<p>Alternatively, we can use dedicated environments:</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\begin{flushleft} Text \end{flushleft}
|
||
\begin{flushright} Text \end{flushright}
|
||
\begin{center} Text \end{center}</code></pre>
|
||
<p data-category="Caution!">
|
||
Proper ragged alignment is even more difficult than good justification,
|
||
so better avoid it.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/text-markup/ausrichtung-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">Indentation and spacing
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>paragraphs are usually indicated by first-line indentation
|
||
(<code>\parindent</code>)</li>
|
||
<li>we can decide to use paragraph spacing (<code>\parskip</code>)
|
||
instead (!)</li>
|
||
<li>both parameters are customisable:</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
|
||
\setlength{\parskip}{1em
|
||
plus .5em % permitted stretch
|
||
minus .5em % permitted compression
|
||
}</code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<code>\noindent</code> allows us to disable first-line indentation
|
||
for a given paragraph</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="./svg/text-markup/indentation-spacing-orig.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
|
||
</section><section>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h1>
|
||
<span class="chapter-number">6
|
||
.</span>
|
||
<span>Enumerations
|
||
</span>
|
||
</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Unordered lists 📜
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\begin{itemize}
|
||
\item lasagna noodles
|
||
\item crushed tomatoes, % …
|
||
\item oregano, basil, % …
|
||
\item mozzarella cheese
|
||
\item flour
|
||
\item milk
|
||
\end{itemize}</code></pre>
|
||
<p>We mark each bullet point with <code>\item</code>. This pattern is
|
||
the same for all kinds of enumerations.</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/lists/itemize-english-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Ordered and definition lists
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\begin{enumerate}
|
||
\item cook onions over medium % …
|
||
\item add crushed tomatoes, carrots % …
|
||
\item add herbs and spices % …
|
||
% \item …
|
||
\end{enumerate}</code></pre>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs fragment"><code>\begin{description}
|
||
\item [Béchamel sauce] Béchamel % …
|
||
\item [Lasagne] Lasagne (singular % …
|
||
\end{description}</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img class="thin-padding" data-src="svg/lists/enumerate-english-crop.svg" style="margin-bottom: 0;">
|
||
<img class="thin-padding fragment" data-src="svg/lists/definition-english-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Nested lists
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\begin{itemize}
|
||
% …
|
||
\item vegetables \begin{itemize}
|
||
\item crushed tomatoes
|
||
\item carrots
|
||
\end{itemize}
|
||
\item herbs \begin{enumerate}
|
||
\item oregano
|
||
\item basil
|
||
\end{enumerate}
|
||
% …
|
||
\end{itemize}</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/lists/nested-lists-english-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Task" data-task="6 ">Adding enumerations
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Turn the recipe in <code>lists.tex</code> into an <strong>unordered
|
||
list</strong> consisting of the elements <em>Ingredients</em> and
|
||
<em>Instructions</em>. You can find the file in the directory
|
||
<code>exercises/lists</code>. Use the <code>itemize</code> command.</li>
|
||
<li>Within this list, create an <strong>unordered list</strong> for the
|
||
ingredients and an <strong>ordered list</strong> for the
|
||
instructions.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">Compact lists
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>The package <code>paralist</code> offers enumerations with less line
|
||
spacing.</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\section{Ingredients}
|
||
\begin{compactitem}
|
||
% \item …
|
||
\end{compactitem}
|
||
\section{Preparation}
|
||
\begin{compactenum}
|
||
% \item …
|
||
\end{compactenum}
|
||
\section{Glossary}
|
||
\begin{compactdesc}
|
||
% \item …
|
||
\end{compactdesc}</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/lists/compact-english-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">In-line enumerations
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>Another feature provided by <code>paralist</code> enables us to
|
||
integrate enumerations into paragraphs.</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>The following herbs are % …
|
||
\begin{inparaitem}
|
||
\item lovage
|
||
\item parsley
|
||
\item chives
|
||
\end{inparaitem}</code></pre>
|
||
<p>Of course, there is an accompanying list type called
|
||
<code>inparaenum</code> for ordered lists.</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img class="thin-padding" data-src="svg/lists/paralist-extended-english-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">List styles
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>The list style type can be set using the optional parameter
|
||
<code>label</code>. To accomplish this, we need to include the package
|
||
<code>enumitem</code> first (but after all other list-related
|
||
packages).</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>% Roman numerals
|
||
\begin{enumerate}[label=\roman*]
|
||
% …
|
||
% Arabic numerals
|
||
\begin{enumerate}[label=\arabic*]
|
||
% …
|
||
% Alphabetical
|
||
\begin{enumerate}[label=\alph*]
|
||
% …</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/lists/list-style-types-english-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Task" data-task="6x ">Special enumerations
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Try using <strong>Roman numerals</strong> in the ordered list.</li>
|
||
<li>Make the ordered list <strong>start at 7</strong> (keyword:
|
||
<code>\setcounter</code>).</li>
|
||
<li>Reduce the <strong>white space</strong> between the items in the
|
||
unordered list.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
|
||
</section><section>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h1>
|
||
<span class="chapter-number">7
|
||
.</span>
|
||
<span>Typesetting mathematics
|
||
</span>
|
||
</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Formula environments 🧮
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>$2 \sqrt{\frac{\pi^2}{3} \cdot c_2}$</code></pre>
|
||
<p>Mathematical formulas are only accepted in the so-called <strong>math
|
||
mode.</strong> In-line formulas must therefor be guarded by two dollar
|
||
signs. We can also use the <code>equation</code> block environment:</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\begin{equation}
|
||
2 \sqrt{\frac{\pi^2}{3} \cdot c_2}
|
||
\end{equation}</code></pre>
|
||
<p>Packages: <code>amsmath</code>, <code>amsthm</code>,
|
||
<code>amssymb</code>, <code>mathtools</code></p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/maths/simple-maths-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Examples
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<table>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th>
|
||
source code
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th>
|
||
result
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="fragment">
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\sum_{i=1}^{n}x^2</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<span class="math inline">\(\sum_{i=1}^{n} x^2\)</span>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="fragment">
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>12 \leq 4 x^2 + 13</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<span class="math inline">\(12 \leq 4 x^2 + 13\)</span>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="fragment">
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>{n \choose k}</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<span class="math inline">\({n \choose k}\)</span>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Aligning a group of equations
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>The <code>align</code> environment permits us to align equations at
|
||
certain positions like the ‘ = ’ character.</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\begin{align}
|
||
13 \cdot (4a - 3)^2 &= 13 … \\
|
||
&= 208a^2 - 312a + 117
|
||
\end{align}</code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li class="fragment">The equations will be aligned with respect to the ampersands
|
||
(‘<code>&</code>’).</li>
|
||
<li class="fragment">We can mark a new line using ‘<code>\\</code>’.</li>
|
||
<li class="fragment"><code>align</code> and <code>equation</code> will not be numbered
|
||
if we add an asterisk after their names (e. g.
|
||
<code>\begin{align*}</code> and <code>\end{align*}</code>).</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/maths/alignment-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Task" data-task="7a " class="task-without-number">
|
||
Typesetting mathematics
|
||
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>Code up the following formulas in the file
|
||
<code>exercises/maths/math-formulas.tex</code>.</p>
|
||
<table>
|
||
<colgroup>
|
||
<col style="width: 52%">
|
||
<col style="width: 47%">
|
||
</colgroup>
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr class="header">
|
||
<th>Meaning</th>
|
||
<th>Result</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr class="odd">
|
||
<td>Gravitational acceleration</td>
|
||
<td><span class="math inline">\(9.81\,\frac{m}{s^2}\)</span></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="even">
|
||
<td>One formula to solve quadratic equations</td>
|
||
<td><span class="math inline">\(x_{1,2} = - \frac{p}{2} \pm
|
||
\sqrt{\left(\frac{p}{2}\right)^2 - q}\)</span></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="odd">
|
||
<td>The other one</td>
|
||
<td><span class="math inline">\(x_{1,2} = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 -
|
||
4ac}}{2a}\)</span></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="even">
|
||
<td>Catalan numbers</td>
|
||
<td><span class="math inline">\(C_n = \frac{1}{n+1} {2n \choose n} =
|
||
\frac{(2n)!}{(n+1)!n!}\)</span></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Task" data-task="7b " class="task-without-number">
|
||
Typesetting mathematics
|
||
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<table>
|
||
<colgroup>
|
||
<col style="width: 52%">
|
||
<col style="width: 47%">
|
||
</colgroup>
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr class="header">
|
||
<th>Meaning</th>
|
||
<th>Result</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr class="odd">
|
||
<td>Definition of factorial</td>
|
||
<td><span class="math inline">\(n! = \prod_{i=1}^{n} i\)</span></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="even">
|
||
<td>Set of all odd natural numbers</td>
|
||
<td><span class="math inline">\(\{ x \mid x \in \mathbb{N},
|
||
\text{odd}(x) \}\)</span></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="odd">
|
||
<td>Elimination <span class="math inline">\(\neg\exists x\)</span>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td><span class="math inline">\(\neg\exists x . p(x) \Leftrightarrow
|
||
\forall x . \neg p(x)\)</span></td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<p>Find further examples on the <a href="https://www.algok.uni-bamberg.de/practice/KaTeX%20Formula%20Practice%20Page.html">Chair
|
||
of Algorithms and Complexity Theory’s LaTeX exercise page</a>.</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">More examples
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<table>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th>
|
||
source code
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th>
|
||
result
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>(x)</code>, <code>[x]</code>, <code>\lbrace x \rbrace</code>,
|
||
<code>\lvert x \rvert</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<span class="math inline">\((x), [x], \lbrace x\rbrace, \lvert
|
||
x\rvert\)</span>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\exists</code>, <code>\forall</code>, <code>\in</code>,
|
||
<br><code>\notin</code>, <code>\infty</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<span class="math inline">\(\exists,\forall,\in,\notin,\infty\)</span>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\alpha</code>, <code>\beta</code>, <code>\Gamma</code>,
|
||
<br><code>\Delta</code>, <code>\varepsilon</code>, <code>\pi</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<span class="math inline">\(\alpha, \beta, \Gamma, \Delta, \varepsilon,
|
||
\pi\)</span>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\rightarrow</code>, <code>\leftarrow</code>,
|
||
<code>\Rightarrow</code>, <code>\Leftarrow</code>,
|
||
<code>\Leftrightarrow</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<span class="math inline">\(\rightarrow, \leftarrow, \Rightarrow,
|
||
\Leftarrow, \Leftrightarrow\)</span>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>(A \cup B) \cap C</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<span class="math inline">\((A \cup B) \cap C\)</span>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>(A \lor B) \land C</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<span class="math inline">\((A \lor B) \land C\)</span>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>(A \cdot B) \times C</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<span class="math inline">\((A \cdot B) \times C\)</span>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">Height-adapting braces
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<table>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th>
|
||
source code
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th>
|
||
result
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\left( \frac{1}{2} \right)</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<span class="math inline">\(\left( \frac{1}{2} \right)\)</span>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\left[ \frac{1}{2} \right]</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<span class="math inline">\(\left[ \frac{1}{2} \right]\)</span>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\left\lbrace \frac{1}{2} \right\rbrace</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<span class="math inline">\(\left\lbrace \frac{1}{2}
|
||
\right\rbrace\)</span>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>$4 \cdot \left( \frac{1}{2} % …</code></pre>
|
||
<p style="text-align: center;">
|
||
<span class="math inline">\(4 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} +\frac{3}{ 12
|
||
\cdot \left( 2 + \frac{1}{86 \cdot \left(\frac{1}{2} + 24 \right)}
|
||
\right)} \right)\)</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">Depicting boundaries
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>The bounds of an integral can be enforced to appear above and below
|
||
the integral symbol using the <code>\limits</code> command. This is the
|
||
standard behaviour for sums, products and limits.</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\sum_{i=1}^{n^2}(x+2)
|
||
\prod_{j=1}^{100}(3 \cdot x)
|
||
\lim_{x \rightarrow \infty}(14x^3 - 12)
|
||
\int\limits_{-12}^{4}(14x^3 - 12)</code></pre>
|
||
<p data-category="Caution!">
|
||
Don’t use <code>\limits</code> inline.
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/maths/limits-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">Set-builder notation
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>In certain situations, it is more adequate to use textual predicates
|
||
or long function names within the set builder notation.</p>
|
||
<p>This is where <code>\text{}</code> comes into play.</p>
|
||
<p style="text-align: center;">
|
||
<span class="math inline">\(\left\lbrace x \mid frequency(x) \geq
|
||
20\right\rbrace\)</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p style="text-align: center;">
|
||
<span class="math inline">\(\left\lbrace x \mid \text{frequency}(x) \geq
|
||
20\right\rbrace\)</span>
|
||
</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs fragment"><code>$\left\lbrace x \mid \text{frequency} …</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
|
||
</section><section>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h1>
|
||
<span class="chapter-number">8
|
||
.</span>
|
||
<span>Graphics
|
||
</span>
|
||
</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Including graphics <span class="emoji">🖼️</span>
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>To display graphics, we need the <code>graphicx</code> package.</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\begin{figure}
|
||
\includegraphics{<file path>}
|
||
\caption[<short caption (table of
|
||
figures)>]{<full caption>}
|
||
\end{figure}</code></pre>
|
||
<p>Specifying the size:</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth,
|
||
height=5cm]{<file path>}</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Layout on the page
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\begin{figure}[<position code>]</code></pre>
|
||
<p>LaTeX places graphics automatically. With position codes, we can
|
||
express our preferences (they can be combined as well).</p>
|
||
<table>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th style="min-width:4em">
|
||
code
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th>
|
||
position
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="fragment">
|
||
<td>
|
||
h
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
here, if you don’t mind
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="fragment">
|
||
<td>
|
||
t
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
top of the page
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="fragment">
|
||
<td>
|
||
b
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
bottom of the page
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="fragment">
|
||
<td>
|
||
p
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
on its own page
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="fragment">
|
||
<td>
|
||
H
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
Here, for God’s sake! <br>(<code>float</code> package required)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Centred alignment
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\begin{figure}[<position>]
|
||
\begin{center}
|
||
\includegraphics{<path-to-file>}
|
||
\end{center}
|
||
\end{figure}</code></pre>
|
||
<p>Alternatively:</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\begin{figure}[<position>]
|
||
\centering
|
||
\includegraphics{<path-to-file>}
|
||
\end{figure}</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Task" data-task="8 ">Inserting graphics
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>In the directory <code>exercises/graphics</code> you can find an
|
||
image file named <code>latex-logo.png</code>.</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<strong>Include</strong> the figure in
|
||
<code>exercises/graphics/graphics.tex</code> and place it
|
||
<strong>exactly</strong> where you include it.</li>
|
||
<li>The image shall be <strong>centered</strong>.</li>
|
||
<li>Additionally, add a <strong>caption</strong> for the figure.</li>
|
||
<li>Adapt the <strong>width</strong> of the image to the width of the
|
||
text (<code>\textwidth</code>).</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
|
||
</section><section>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h1>
|
||
<span class="chapter-number">9
|
||
.</span>
|
||
<span>Tables
|
||
</span>
|
||
</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Basic structure <span class="emoji">🗒️</span>
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>For typographically pleasing tables, we use the <code>booktabs</code>
|
||
package.</p>
|
||
<pre class="hljs lang-tex"><code>\usepackage{booktabs}</code></pre>
|
||
<pre class="hljs lang-tex"><code>\begin{table}[<position>]
|
||
\caption{<caption>}
|
||
\begin{tabular}{<column definition>}
|
||
% table content
|
||
\end{tabular}
|
||
\end{table}</code></pre>
|
||
<p>Positioning works just like with graphics.</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Column definitions
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<pre class="hljs lang-tex"><code>\begin{tabular}{lrcl}
|
||
% table content
|
||
\end{tabular}</code></pre>
|
||
<table>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th>
|
||
letter
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th>
|
||
meaning
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="fragment">
|
||
<td>
|
||
l
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
left-justified column
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="fragment">
|
||
<td>
|
||
c
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
centred column
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="fragment">
|
||
<td>
|
||
r
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
right-justified column
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<p class="fragment">Vertical separator lines and double horizontal lines are frowned
|
||
upon by typographers and should be avoided.</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/tables/table-example-crop.svg" class="thin-padding">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Table content
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<pre class="hljs lang-tex"><code>\begin{tabular}{lll}
|
||
\toprule
|
||
Column 1 & Column 2 & Column 3 \\
|
||
\midrule
|
||
Content a & Content b & Content c \\
|
||
Content e & Content f & Content g \\
|
||
Content i & Content j & Content k \\
|
||
\bottomrule
|
||
\end{tabular}</code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li class="fragment">Columns are separated by ’<code>&</code>’.</li>
|
||
<li class="fragment">Rows are ended by ‘<code>\\</code>’.</li>
|
||
<li class="fragment"><code>\toprule</code>, <code>\midrule</code> and
|
||
<code>\bottomrule</code> structure the table.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/tables/table-content-example-crop.svg" class="thin-padding">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-wide-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>The entire table
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<pre class="hljs lang-tex"><code>\begin{table}[h]
|
||
\caption{Well-known programming languages}
|
||
\begin{tabular}{lrcl}
|
||
\toprule
|
||
Language & Author & Year & File extension \\
|
||
\midrule
|
||
C++ & Bjarne Stroustrup & 1985 & .cpp \\
|
||
Java & James Gosling & 1998 & .java \\
|
||
Python & Guido van Rossum & 1991 & .py \\
|
||
\bottomrule
|
||
\end{tabular}
|
||
\end{table}</code></pre>
|
||
<p data-category="Note">
|
||
<code>@{}</code> to the left and right of a column definition removes
|
||
the padding of the corresponding column.
|
||
</p>
|
||
<p data-category="Example">
|
||
<code>\begin{tabular}{@{}lrcl@{}}</code> limits the row separators to
|
||
the width of the table content
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>More comfort
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>The <a href="https://tablesgenerator.com/">Tables Generator</a> is a
|
||
wonderful tool to quickly create tables of different formats.</p>
|
||
<p><a href="https://tablesgenerator.com/"><img data-src="svg/tables/tables-generator.png"></a></p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Task" data-task="9 ">Typesetting tables
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>The list in file <code>exercises/tables/tables.tex</code> stores
|
||
information on a few modules of the WIAI faculty.</li>
|
||
<li>Transform the list into a <strong>table</strong>.</li>
|
||
<li>The table shall have colums for the <em>name</em>, the
|
||
<em>abbreviation</em> (Kürzel) and the <em>semester</em> of the
|
||
lectures.</li>
|
||
<li>Add a <strong>column</strong> with <strong>center-aligned
|
||
text</strong> on the left side of the table in order to
|
||
<strong>number</strong> the lectures.</li>
|
||
<li>Add a <strong>caption</strong> for the table.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">Particularly long tables
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>Tables that exceed one page are simply cut off by
|
||
<code>tabular</code>. A solution is offered by the
|
||
<code>longtable</code> package:</p>
|
||
<pre class="hljs lang-tex"><code>\usepackage{longtable}</code></pre>
|
||
<pre class="hljs lang-tex"><code>\begin{longtable}{<column definition>}
|
||
\caption{<caption>}
|
||
\label{<label>}
|
||
% table content
|
||
\end{longtable}</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">Notes on <code>longtable</code>
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<pre class="hljs lang-tex"><code>\begin{longtable}{<column definition>}
|
||
\caption{<caption>}
|
||
\label{<label>}
|
||
% table content
|
||
\end{longtable}</code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>The <code>longtable</code> environment merges the
|
||
<code>tabular</code> and <code>table</code> environments.</li>
|
||
<li>Caption and label can therefore be inserted directly under the table
|
||
content.</li>
|
||
<li>As long as the <code>booktabs</code> package is used, its features
|
||
are also provided in <code>longtable</code>.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">Particularly wide tables
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>If you need a table to be wider than a page, you can display it in
|
||
landscape orientation:</p>
|
||
<pre class="hljs lang-tex"><code>\usepackage{rotating}</code></pre>
|
||
<pre class="hljs lang-tex"><code>\begin{sidewaystable}[<position>]
|
||
\begin{tabular}{<column def.>}
|
||
% table content
|
||
\end{tabular}
|
||
\end{sidewaystable}</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">Colouring a table
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<pre class="hljs lang-tex"><code>\usepackage[table]{xcolor}</code></pre>
|
||
<pre class="hljs lang-tex"><code>\begin{tabular}{lll}
|
||
\toprule
|
||
A & \cellcolor{yellow}yellow & cell \\
|
||
A & \cellcolor{yellow!25}lighter yellow & cell \\
|
||
\rowcolor[HTML]{FFDE21}
|
||
A & yellow & row \\
|
||
\bottomrule
|
||
\end{tabular}</code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Use <code>\cellcolor</code> to color individual cells.</li>
|
||
<li>Use <code>\rowcolor</code> to color entire rows.</li>
|
||
<li>Color can be defined by name, percentage
|
||
(e.g. <code>yellow!25</code>), or hex (<code>[HTML]{...}</code>).</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/tables/table-colouring-crop.svg" class="thin-padding">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">Merge cells
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<pre class="hljs lang-tex"><code>\begin{tabular}{lll}
|
||
\toprule
|
||
Animal & Food & Size \\
|
||
\midrule
|
||
horse & hay & large \\
|
||
frog & flies & small \\
|
||
fooboar & \multicolumn{2}{c}{unknown} \\
|
||
\bottomrule
|
||
\end{tabular}</code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<code>\multicolumn{2}{c}{...}</code> combines two columns into
|
||
one.</li>
|
||
<li>The second argument specifies the alignment (and borders).</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/tables/table-merge-cells-crop.svg" class="thin-padding">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">Line breaks in a cell
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<pre class="hljs lang-tex"><code>\usepackage{makecell}</code></pre>
|
||
<pre class="hljs lang-tex"><code>\begin{tabular}{ll}
|
||
\toprule
|
||
Name & Description \\
|
||
\midrule
|
||
Cat & \makecell[l]{small \\ likes to sleep} \\
|
||
Dog & \makecell[l]{loyal \\ needs walks} \\
|
||
\bottomrule
|
||
\end{tabular}</code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>By default, <code>\makecell</code> centers its contents.</li>
|
||
<li>Use <code>\makecell[l]{content}</code> to left-align the
|
||
content.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/tables/table-line-break-crop.svg" class="thin-padding">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">Fixed column width
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>The <code>p{4cm}</code> column automatically wraps text within
|
||
4cm.</p>
|
||
<pre class="hljs lang-tex"><code>\begin{tabular}{lp{4cm}}
|
||
\toprule
|
||
Item & Description \\
|
||
\midrule
|
||
Chair & Four legs, one surface \\
|
||
Table & Like a chair but different \\
|
||
\bottomrule
|
||
\end{tabular}</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/tables/table-fixed-width-crop.svg" class="thin-padding">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">An advanced example
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<pre class="hljs lang-tex"><code>\begin{table}[h]
|
||
\begin{tabular}{llr}
|
||
\toprule
|
||
Structure & \multicolumn{2}{l}{Access time complexity} \\ \cmidrule(r){2-3} & Average & Worst \\
|
||
\midrule
|
||
Stack & $\mathcal{O}(n)$ & $\mathcal{O}(n)$ \\
|
||
Binary tree & $\mathcal{O}(log(n))$ & $\mathcal{O}(n)$ \\
|
||
AVL tree & $\mathcal{O}(log(n))$ & $\mathcal{O}(log(n))$ \\
|
||
\bottomrule
|
||
\end{tabular}
|
||
\end{table}</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/tables/table-advanced-example-crop.svg" class="thin-padding">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">Further resources
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>For tips on how to format tables — including what to align left, how
|
||
to label columns and when to use borders — refer to the APA style
|
||
guide:</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p><a href="https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/tables-figures/tables"><span class="emoji">🔗</span> Table guidelines</a></p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>The <code>booktabs</code> package provides commands for high-quality
|
||
tables:</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p><a href="https://ctan.org/pkg/booktabs/"><span class="emoji">🔗</span> Booktabs documentation</a></p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
|
||
</section><section>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h1>
|
||
<span class="chapter-number">10
|
||
.</span>
|
||
<span>References and footnotes
|
||
</span>
|
||
</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Footnotes <span class="emoji">📎</span>
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>Footnotes are automatically numbered consecutively, independent of
|
||
sections.</p>
|
||
<pre class="hljs lang-tex"><code>The wild boar (\textit{Sus scrofa}), also
|
||
known as the wild swine, common wild pig,
|
||
or simply wild pig, is a suid native to
|
||
much of Eurasia and North Africa, and has
|
||
been introduced to the Americas and Oceania.
|
||
\footnote{\url{https://en.wikipedia.org/
|
||
wiki/Wild_boar}}</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/references-and-footnotes/footnote-example-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Cross-references
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>Manually (just don’t!)</p>
|
||
<pre class="hljs lang-tex"><code>As you can see in Figure 23, …</code></pre>
|
||
<p>Using the <code>\ref</code> command:</p>
|
||
<pre class="hljs lang-tex"><code>\begin{figure}[H]
|
||
\includegraphics % …
|
||
\caption{Our mascot Fooboar}
|
||
\label{fig:fooboar}
|
||
\end{figure}
|
||
|
||
As you can see in Figure
|
||
\ref{fig:fooboar}, …</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/references-and-footnotes/ref-example-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Assigning labels
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>Both cross-reference commands work with <strong>sections, figures,
|
||
tables, listings, and equations,</strong> as long as you use correct
|
||
labels.</p>
|
||
<p>Labels have to be <strong>unambiguous.</strong> For clarity, certain
|
||
prefixes are common, and some packages use them to derive
|
||
information.</p>
|
||
<table>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>fig:</code> Figures
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>tbl:</code> Tables
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>sec:</code> Sections
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>subsec:</code> Subsections
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>ch:</code> Chapters
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>itm:</code> Enumeration items
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>eq:</code> Equations
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>lst:</code> Source code listings
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Cross-references
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>Using the <code>cleveref</code> package (with <em>one</em> ‘r’!):</p>
|
||
<pre class="hljs lang-tex"><code>\begin{figure}[H]
|
||
\includegraphics % …
|
||
\caption{Our mascot Fooboar}
|
||
\label{fig:fooboar}
|
||
\end{figure}
|
||
|
||
Fooboar is a young and highly committed
|
||
boar (see \Cref{fig:fooboar}).</code></pre>
|
||
<p>The <code>\cref</code> command automatically inserts suitable
|
||
prefixes.</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/references-and-footnotes/cref-example-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Things to consider
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>Terms inserted by <code>\cref</code> use the language specified
|
||
with the document class (or <code>babel</code>):</p>
|
||
<pre class="hljs lang-tex"><code>\documentclass[english]{article}</code></pre>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><p>Apart from sections, referenced elements need captions
|
||
(<code>\caption{…}</code>), and the <strong>captions have to be placed
|
||
before the label.</strong></p></li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>For sectioning commands, the label is inserted directly after the
|
||
section command.</p>
|
||
<pre class="hljs lang-tex"><code>\section{Notes}\label{sec:notes}</code></pre>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Task" data-task="10a ">Inserting footnotes
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Make the text <em>“as of 2025”</em> in file
|
||
<code>exercises/footnotes/footnotes.tex</code> appear as a
|
||
<strong>footnote</strong>.</li>
|
||
<li>Additionally, reference the <strong>corresponding blog post</strong>
|
||
in the footnote: <a href="https://github.blog/news-insights/octoverse/octoverse-a-new-developer-joins-github-every-second-as-ai-leads-typescript-to-1/">https://github.blog/news-insights/octoverse/octoverse-a-new-developer-joins-github-every-second-as-ai-leads-typescript-to-1/</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Task" data-task="10b ">Inserting references
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>In file <code>exercises/references/references.tex</code>, replace
|
||
<em>In the figure</em> and <em>The following source code listing</em> by
|
||
<strong>references</strong> to the figure and to the source code
|
||
listing.</li>
|
||
<li>Use the command <code>\Cref</code> for the references.</li>
|
||
<li>Make sure to add <strong>labels</strong> and
|
||
<strong>captions</strong> to the elements that you want to create a
|
||
reference for.</li>
|
||
<li>For source code listings, adding labels and captions is a bit
|
||
different. Try to apply the knowledge you gained so far to retrieve the
|
||
correct version of the <code>\lstinputlisting</code> command. Use the
|
||
Internet, if necessary.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">Configuring footnotes
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>The <code>footmisc</code> package provides additional options for the
|
||
presentation of footnotes that can be activated by adding parameters to
|
||
the <code>\usepackage</code> command.</p>
|
||
<pre class="hljs lang-tex"><code>% Reset the counter on each page:
|
||
\usepackage[perpage]{footmisc}
|
||
|
||
% Display footnotes in-line:
|
||
\usepackage[para]{footmisc}
|
||
|
||
% Use symbols instead of numbers:
|
||
\usepackage[symbol]{footmisc}</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/references-and-footnotes/footmisc-en-crop.svg" class="thin-padding">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">A few more things
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>It is recommended that you include the package <code>hyperref</code>
|
||
before <code>cleveref</code>.</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<code>\cref</code> can take multiple references at once, separated
|
||
by commas.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre class="hljs lang-tex"><code>\section{An introduction}
|
||
\label{sec:section1}
|
||
% …
|
||
Reference be made to
|
||
\Cref{sec:section1,sec:section2,
|
||
sec:section3,sec:section5}.</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/references-and-footnotes/cref-multiple-example-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
|
||
</section><section>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h1>
|
||
<span class="chapter-number">11
|
||
.</span>
|
||
<span>Source code listings
|
||
</span>
|
||
</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>In-situ listings
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>The <code>listings</code> package provides a dedicated
|
||
environment:</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\section*{Haskell Magic}
|
||
Squares of all even % …
|
||
\begin{lstlisting}[language=Haskell]
|
||
[x^2 | x <- [1..200], even x]
|
||
\end{lstlisting}</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/source-code-listings/listings-haskell-english-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>External source code
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>Conveniently, <code>listings</code> offers an import command:</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\section*{Simple Java Application}
|
||
\lstinputlisting[language=Java]{Test.java}</code></pre>
|
||
<pre class="lang-java hljs" data-sourcefile="Test.java"><code>public class Test {
|
||
public static void main(/*…*/) {
|
||
System.out.println(/*…*/);
|
||
}
|
||
}</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/source-code-listings/listings-java-english-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Themes and styles
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p><code>listings</code> does not provide any themes by default, but can
|
||
be configured extensively.</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\begin{lstlisting}[
|
||
language=Java,
|
||
basicstyle=\footnotesize\ttfamily,
|
||
breaklines=true,
|
||
keywordstyle=\color{ForestGreen},
|
||
commentstyle=\color{DarkGray},
|
||
literate={ö}{{\"o}}1
|
||
]
|
||
% …
|
||
\end{lstlisting}</code></pre>
|
||
<p>Have a look at the <code>\lstset</code> command for creating your own
|
||
themes.</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Further resources
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Code_listing#Reference_guide">introduction</a>
|
||
to the package</li>
|
||
<li>official <a href="https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Code_listing#Reference_guide">documentation</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>predefined <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Source_Code_Listings#Encoding_issue">UTF-8
|
||
configuration</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<a href="https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Using_colours_in_LaTeX"><code>xcolor</code>
|
||
package</a> for colors</li>
|
||
<li>two <a href="https://github.com/jez/latex-solarized">solarized
|
||
themes</a> for <code>listings</code>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Task" data-task="11 ">Listings
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<strong>Include</strong> the Java source code
|
||
<code>Source.java</code> in the file
|
||
<code>source-code-listings.tex</code> (mind the relative file
|
||
path!).</li>
|
||
<li>Enable <strong>special characters</strong> like umlauts via the
|
||
<code>literate</code> option.</li>
|
||
<li>Activate <strong>syntax highlighting</strong> by stating the
|
||
programming language Java.</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<strong>Number</strong> the code lines.</li>
|
||
<li>Set the <code>basicstyle</code> to a proper mono-spaced font
|
||
(<code>\ttfamily \small</code>).</li>
|
||
<li>Change the <strong>keyword color</strong> to blue.</li>
|
||
<li>Remove the signs for <strong>spaces in strings</strong>.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>If you have questions, try to consult the documentation of the
|
||
<code>listings</code> package.</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
|
||
</section><section>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h1>
|
||
<span class="chapter-number">12
|
||
.</span>
|
||
<span>Reference management
|
||
</span>
|
||
</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<figure>
|
||
<img data-src="svg/literature/bibtex-alpha-example-crop.svg" class="large thin-padding" alt="Citing in Alpha style ([style=alphabetic,backend=biber])">
|
||
<figcaption aria-hidden="true">Citing in Alpha style
|
||
(<code>[style=alphabetic,backend=biber]</code>)</figcaption>
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<figure>
|
||
<img data-src="svg/literature/bibtex-ieee-example-crop.svg" class="large thin-padding" alt="Citing in IEEE style ([style=ieee,backend=biber])">
|
||
<figcaption aria-hidden="true">Citing in IEEE style
|
||
(<code>[style=ieee,backend=biber]</code>)</figcaption>
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>What do we need?
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>a <strong>bibliography file</strong> (hereafter <code>.bib</code>
|
||
file) for storing references</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<strong>Biber/BibLaTeX</strong> as an interface between the
|
||
references and LaTeX</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="box warning">
|
||
<p><strong>Preparing TeXstudio</strong>:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Bibliography > set type to <code>BibLaTeX</code>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>Options > Configure TeXstudio > Generate > set standard for
|
||
bibliography to <code>Biber</code>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-wide-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>What is this mysterious <code>.bib</code> file?
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>collection of references in BibTeX format¹</li>
|
||
<li>example content:</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre class="hljs lang-tex"><code>@article{turing1990, % the type of the document and an identifier for the \cite command
|
||
title={The chemical basis of morphogenesis}, % information
|
||
author={Turing, Alan Mathison}, % about
|
||
journal={Bulletin of mathematical biology}, % the
|
||
volume={52}, % literature
|
||
pages={153--197}, % work
|
||
date={1990}, % follows
|
||
publisher={Springer} % …
|
||
}</code></pre>
|
||
<p>[1] <strong>Note</strong>: Even though we are working with BibLaTeX,
|
||
our bibliography file adheres to the conventions of BibTeX, which is an
|
||
alternative program. The name has been established for all kinds of
|
||
things related to LaTeX citations. This is similar to the way we refer
|
||
to online search by the name of one popular search engine.</p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>BibLaTeX
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Package for creating and designing bibliographies</li>
|
||
<li>Uses <strong>biber</strong> as a backend</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="box warning">
|
||
<p><strong>Some well-meaning advice</strong></p>
|
||
<p>You want the references to look professional?</p>
|
||
<p>Trust BibLaTeX’s default citation styles!</p>
|
||
<p>This conversely means: Avoid fiddling around with styles
|
||
manually.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>What you need
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Include the <code>BibLaTeX</code> package in the preamble:</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\usepackage[style=<citation-style>,
|
||
backend=biber]{biblatex}</code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Include the <code>.bib</code>-file in the preamble:</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\addbibresource{<bib-file>}</code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Generate the bibliography:</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\printbibliography</code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<code>BibLaTeX</code> documentation: <a href="https://ctan.org/pkg/biblatex?lang=de">Link</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<code>BibLaTeX</code> cheat sheet: <a href="https://tug.ctan.org/info/biblatex-cheatsheet/biblatex-cheatsheet.pdf">Link</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Changing the citation style
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Built-in styles for direct use (z.B. <code>authoryear</code>,
|
||
<code>numeric</code>, <code>alphabetic</code>)</li>
|
||
<li>additionally options for configurations and other styles (z.B.
|
||
<code>apa</code>, <code>ieee</code>,
|
||
<code>chicago-authordate</code>)</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\usepackage[style=numeric, citestyle=ieee,
|
||
backend=biber]{biblatex}</code></pre>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<p>Two things are infinite: the universe and the assortment of citation
|
||
styles.<cite>Unknown</cite></p>
|
||
</blockquote>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Sorting entries
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\usepackage[style=numeric, citestyle=ieee,
|
||
sorting=nty, backend=biber]{biblatex}</code></pre>
|
||
<table>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th>
|
||
Code
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th>
|
||
Description
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
nty
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
Name, Title, Year
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
nyt
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
Name, Year, Title
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
nyvt
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
Name, Year, Volume, Title
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
ydtn
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
Year (descending), Title, Name
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>How is it used?
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>BibLaTeX adds some citation commands to LaTeX. In addition, we need
|
||
the <code>natbib</code> package.</p>
|
||
<table>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th>
|
||
Code
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th>
|
||
Description
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\parencite{turing1990}</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
[Turing, 1990]
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="fragment">
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\textcite{turing1990}</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
Turing (1990)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="fragment">
|
||
<td>
|
||
<code>\textcite[p. 159]</code><br><code>{turing1990}</code>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
Turing (1990, p. 159)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<p class="fragment">Citing with additional
|
||
text:<br><code>\cite[<prefix>][<suffix>]{<source>}</code></p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>An example
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\usepackage[style=authoryear,
|
||
maxnames=3,
|
||
minnames=1,
|
||
nohashothers=true,
|
||
dashed=false,
|
||
url=false,
|
||
backend=biber]{biblatex}</code></pre>
|
||
<p>An exemplary reference in the citation style above:</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>… in parentheses \parencite{thatcher2002}
|
||
or simply as \textcite{thatcher2002} …</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/literature/example_citation_en-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<figure>
|
||
<img data-src="svg/literature/bamberg_catalogue_bibtex.png" class="large" alt="Finding ready-made BibTeX entries – University of Bamberg Library">
|
||
<figcaption aria-hidden="true">Finding ready-made BibTeX entries –
|
||
University of Bamberg Library</figcaption>
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<figure>
|
||
<img data-src="svg/literature/google_bibtex1.jpg" class="large" alt="Finding ready-made BibTeX entries – Google Scholar">
|
||
<figcaption aria-hidden="true">Finding ready-made BibTeX entries –
|
||
Google Scholar</figcaption>
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<figure>
|
||
<img data-src="svg/literature/google_bibtex2.jpg" class="large" alt="Finding ready-made BibTeX entries – Google Scholar">
|
||
<figcaption aria-hidden="true">Finding ready-made BibTeX entries –
|
||
Google Scholar</figcaption>
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<figure>
|
||
<img data-src="svg/literature/dblp.jpg" class="large" alt="Finding ready-made BibTeX entries – dblp.org">
|
||
<figcaption aria-hidden="true">Finding ready-made BibTeX entries –
|
||
dblp.org</figcaption>
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-wide-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Task" data-task="12 ">Creating and inserting references
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Create a new BibTeX file called <code>literature.bib</code> in the
|
||
<code>exercises/literature</code> folder.</li>
|
||
<li>Use Google Scholar or dblp.org to retrieve BibTeX references for the
|
||
following <span class="math inline">\(\LaTeX\)</span> handbooks:
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Dilip Datta (2017): <span class="math inline">\(\LaTeX\)</span> in
|
||
24 Hours. A Practical Guide for Scientific Writing.</li>
|
||
<li>Frank Mittelbach / Michel Goossens (2010): Der <span class="math inline">\(\LaTeX\)</span>-Begleiter.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>Add the BibTeX entries to the BibTeX file.</li>
|
||
<li>Assign unique and meaningful BibTeX keys.</li>
|
||
<li>Add the bibliography file to the project’s preamble.</li>
|
||
<li>Make use of the <code>alphabetic</code> bibliography style.</li>
|
||
<li>Cite the two handbooks in the file
|
||
<code>exercises/literature/literature.tex</code>.</li>
|
||
<li>Ensure that the bibliography is listed.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="box warning">
|
||
<p><strong>Not</strong>: If the compilation fails, it may be helpful to
|
||
remove all temporary files
|
||
(<code>….aux/bbl/blg/loc/out/pdf/soc/toc</code>) and to compile
|
||
again.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">The University Library recommends …
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>reference management software (esp. <strong><a href="https://www.zotero.org/">Zotero</a></strong>) help to build a
|
||
literature database, store quotations, and organize one’s own notes</li>
|
||
<li class="fragment">support available from the <strong>library’s own reference
|
||
management team</strong>: literaturverwaltung.ub@uni-bamberg.de</li>
|
||
<li class="fragment">in Zotero: activate the plugin <strong><a href="https://retorque.re/zotero-better-bibtex/">“Better
|
||
BibTeX”</a></strong> (applies also if you are using
|
||
<code>biblatex</code>)</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="box warning fragment">
|
||
<p><strong>💡 Further information</strong></p>
|
||
<p>There are plenty of resources about the setup available online.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">Setup for Zotero with Better BibTeX
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<strong>Zotero</strong>:
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>install <strong><a href="https://retorque.re/zotero-better-bibtex/">“Better
|
||
BibTeX”</a></strong>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>Tools > Plugins > enable
|
||
<code>Better BibTeX for Zotero</code>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>export your library from Zotero, set <code>Better BibLaTex</code> as
|
||
format, and set <code>keep updated</code> to true</li>
|
||
<li>save the library in your LaTeX project archive and use it as the
|
||
<code>.bib</code>-file</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only extra-content">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2 data-category="Extra">Demo: Referencing with Zotero and BibLaTeX
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Hint: <strong><a href="https://www.zotero.org/download/">“Zotero
|
||
Connector for Firefox”</a></strong> for easy import of BibTeX
|
||
entries</li>
|
||
<li>First set up Zotero with Better BibTeX (see previous slide)</li>
|
||
<li>Open the reference source and click on the Firefox extensions</li>
|
||
<li>Run Zotero Connector and import the BibTeX entry into Zotero</li>
|
||
<li>Reference the source as usual according to the procedures already
|
||
described</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
|
||
</section><section>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h1>
|
||
<span class="chapter-number">13
|
||
.</span>
|
||
<span>Package in sight!
|
||
</span>
|
||
</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Creating an index
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\usepackage{makeidx}
|
||
\makeindex
|
||
\begin{document}
|
||
\maketitle
|
||
\section{What is LaTeX\index{LaTeX}?}
|
||
LaTeX\index{LaTeX} is a typesetting
|
||
system\index{Typesetting system}.
|
||
\newpage \section{TeX\index{TeX} vs.
|
||
LaTeX\index{LaTeX}} It is based on
|
||
TeX\index{TeX}, an invention by
|
||
Donald Knuth\index{Knuth, Donald}.
|
||
As TeX\index{TeX} is way more complex
|
||
syntactically than LaTeX\index{LaTeX},
|
||
LaTeX\index{LaTeX} is much more
|
||
popular.
|
||
\printindex</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/packages/index_en-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Designing presentation slides
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>For slides, there is the <code>beamer</code> document class, as well
|
||
as numerous <a href="https://www.overleaf.com/learn/latex/Beamer">templates and
|
||
themes</a>.</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs small-text"><code>\documentclass{beamer}
|
||
\usetheme{Frankfurt}
|
||
\usecolortheme{seahorse}
|
||
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
|
||
|
||
\begin{document}
|
||
\begin{frame}
|
||
\frametitle{Lemon sorbet}
|
||
\framesubtitle{Incarnation of good?}
|
||
\begin{definition}
|
||
A lemon sorbet is a
|
||
semi-frozen \textbf{dessert}
|
||
on \textit{lemon} base.
|
||
\end{definition}
|
||
\end{frame}
|
||
\end{document}</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/packages/beamer-orig.svg" style="width: 100%; margin: 0;">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<figure>
|
||
<img data-src="svg/packages/beamer-example-grabs.jpg" alt="A (more modern) beamer example">
|
||
<figcaption aria-hidden="true">A (<a href="https://gitlab.cs.fau.de/i4/tex/i4neo">more modern</a>)
|
||
<code>beamer</code> example</figcaption>
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Drawing images
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p><code>TikZ</code> (“TikZ ist kein Zeichenprogramm” — “TikZ is no
|
||
drawing software”) is a powerful package for drawing vector
|
||
graphics.</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs small-text scroll-one-half"><code>% …
|
||
\tikzstyle{every node}=[draw=black,thick,anchor=west]
|
||
\tikzstyle{selected}=[draw=red,fill=red!30]
|
||
\tikzstyle{dir}=[fill=gray!50]
|
||
\tikzstyle{relativeTo}=[fill=blue!70]
|
||
\begin{tikzpicture}[%
|
||
grow via
|
||
three points={one child at (0.5,-0.7) and
|
||
two children at
|
||
(0.5,-0.7) and (0.5,-1.4)},
|
||
edge from
|
||
parent path={(\tikzparentnode.south)
|
||
|- (\tikzchildnode.west)}]
|
||
\node {/ or C:}
|
||
child { node {home}
|
||
child { node {knut}
|
||
child { node {pictures}}
|
||
child { node {docs}
|
||
child { node [dir] {latex}
|
||
child { node [relativeTo] {main.tex}
|
||
child { node [selected] {part1.tex}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
\end{tikzpicture}</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/project-structure/relative-path-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Linguistics
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>The <code>qtree</code> package can render constituent-based parse
|
||
trees:</p>
|
||
<pre class="lang-tex hljs"><code>\Tree [.S [.NP LaTeX ]
|
||
[.VP [.V is ] [.NP fun ] ] ]</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img data-src="svg/packages/constituency-tree-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-and-preview">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Mathematical proofs
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>Logical tableaux can be renderd using the <code>prftree</code>
|
||
package.</p>
|
||
<pre class="hljs lang-tex small-text scroll-one-half"><code>\begin{displaymath}
|
||
\prftree[l,r]{}{[comp$\_{ns}$]}
|
||
{
|
||
\prftree[l,r]{}{[comp$\_{ns}$]}
|
||
{
|
||
\prftree[l,r]{}{[ass$\_{ns}$]}
|
||
{
|
||
-
|
||
}
|
||
{
|
||
(\texttt{m:=a}, \sigma\_{\bot,\bot})
|
||
\rightarrow \sigma\_{48,\bot}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
{
|
||
\prftree[l,r]{}{[ass$\_{ns}$]}
|
||
{
|
||
-
|
||
}
|
||
{
|
||
(\texttt{n:=b}, \sigma\_{48,\bot})
|
||
\rightarrow \sigma\_{48,18}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
{
|
||
(\texttt{m:=a; n:=b}, \sigma\_{\bot,\bot})
|
||
\rightarrow \sigma\_{48,18}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
{
|
||
\prftree[l,r]{}{}
|
||
{
|
||
\dots
|
||
}
|
||
{
|
||
\textbf{[1]}\ (\texttt{LOOP}, \sigma\_{48,18})
|
||
\rightarrow \sigma\_{6,6}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
{
|
||
(\texttt{m:=a; n:=b; LOOP}, \sigma\_{\bot,\bot})
|
||
\rightarrow \sigma\_{6,6}
|
||
}
|
||
\end{displaymath}</code></pre>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="layout-preview">
|
||
<img class="thin-padding" data-src="svg/packages/prftree-crop.svg">
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>Other useful packages
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<table>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th>
|
||
Package
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th>
|
||
Use case
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="fragment">
|
||
<td>
|
||
<a href="https://www.ctan.org/pkg/xcolor"><code>xcolor</code></a>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
colours
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="fragment">
|
||
<td>
|
||
<a href="https://www.ctan.org/pkg/todonotes"><code>todonotes</code></a>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
todo annotations and index
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="fragment">
|
||
<td>
|
||
<a href="https://www.ctan.org/pkg/pdfpages"><code>pdfpages</code></a>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
embedding PDF files
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="fragment">
|
||
<td>
|
||
<a href="https://www.ctan.org/pkg/subcaption"><code>subcaption</code></a>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
Nested figures and fine-tuned captions
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr class="fragment">
|
||
<td>
|
||
<a href="https://www.ctan.org/pkg/colortbl"><code>colortbl</code></a>,
|
||
<a href="https://www.ctan.org/pkg/tabularx"><code>tabularx</code></a>,
|
||
<a href="https://www.ctan.org/pkg/multirow"><code>multirow</code></a>,
|
||
<a href="https://www.ctan.org/pkg/makecell"><code>makecell</code></a>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td>
|
||
Table tuning
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
|
||
</section><section>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h1>
|
||
<span class="chapter-number">14
|
||
.</span>
|
||
<span>Getting help and information
|
||
</span>
|
||
</h1>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>
|
||
<a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX">Wikibooks</a>
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>The LaTeX Wikibook offers numerous interesting articles and is
|
||
available in English and German (among others).</p>
|
||
<p><img data-src="svg/support/wikibooks-latex_en.jpg"></p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</article>
|
||
<article>
|
||
<div class="layout-content-only">
|
||
<div class="layout-content">
|
||
<h2>
|
||
<a href="https://ctan.org">CTAN</a>
|
||
</h2>
|
||
<p>The “Comprehensive TeX Archive Network” is the central source for
|
||
LaTeX packages and their documentation.</p>
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<figcaption aria-hidden="true">Different (<a href="https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/1319/showcase-of-beautiful-typography-done-in-tex-friends">source</a>)</figcaption>
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